地表移动动态实时模拟及可视化

将地表动态沉陷变形过程划分为两个阶段,提出了经验比例系数,以此为基础对地表移动动态基本微分方程式进行修正,解决了原有时间函数模拟曲线与实际情况不符的问题。通过观测站实测数据和改进的时间函数,采用visual C++面向对象可视化编程进行前台处理,采用Access数据库管理系统进行后台管理,利用MFC ODBC类实现前台和后台之间的通讯,建立了基于客户机/服务器模式下的地表移动动态实时观测系统。计算结果表明,该方法能反映地表移动的动态特征,对指导开采设计和选择地面建筑物保护措施具有较大的实用价值。     

重大毒气泄漏事故应急预警通知接收端优化与实现

从毒气泄漏事故预防和应急处置的国内外现状分析出发,指出了目前我国预警通知方法的不足及发展趋势。论述了毒气泄漏事故中安全疏散的时间构成以及预警通知接收端低功耗模式的种类,从提高预警通知系统响应时间的角度分析了不同的低功耗方案的优劣,并给出了实现方法和适用的条件,不仅实现了不同使用条件下的最佳低功耗模式,还保证了系统有较好的实时响应速度。响应时间的优化有利于提高系统报警通知的效能,在保证较好响应时间的前提下应用低功耗模式则有利于降低成本,同时提高受灾群众安装该预警系统的积极性性,对于报警器在不同地区的推广具有指导意义,从而为对系统的优化与改进提供依据。     

用修正RRL法计算城区径流雨水流量

随着我国城市化的发展,城市水文问题日益突出。城市排水、防洪和水污染等问题的解决,都有赖于城市降雨径流理论的发展和计算模型的改进。介绍了日本土木研究所创立的修正RRL法,并对该模型提出了改进的建议。     

电缆安全的地理信息系统监管模式

由于地下电缆的隐蔽性、动态性、网络性和多样性,决定了地下电缆信息管理与信息系统开发的复杂性与难度.给出了一种GIS综合安全监管开发模式,以解决数据的可靠性和精度,数据的动态更新等难题,对系统设计进行了较详细的描述.     

高校突发事件中密集学生群恐慌特征及风险研究

随着我国高等教育政策的调整,各个高校招收学生的数量明显增加.由于学校的教学设施和生活设施的改善速度不能满足目前学生增长的速度,在各个高等学校的教学大楼、实验大楼、公寓大楼和其他学习生活密集区域内都构成了密集学生群.如遇突发事件(爆炸、火灾、恐怖)需要紧急疏散时,学生极易互相拥挤,互相践踏跌倒,发生重大伤亡事故.本文对密集学生群、当代大学生心理特征状态(紧张、焦虑、忧郁、沮丧、愤怒、敌意、有力、好动、疲劳、惰性、困惑、迷茫、不安、恐慌等)以及行为特征状态(吸引、参与、倾向、凑兴、印象、效应、压力、逆反、好奇、兴趣、刺激、恐慌等)进行了分析,并对某高等学校教学大楼中密集学生群、密集时间、密集区域及恐慌特征进行了实际统计研究.在分析密集学生群风险的基础上,建立密集学生群风险模型,对某高校教学大楼密集学生群的风险进行了实例计算,提出了合理可行的对策措施,同时为各个高校制定突发事件(爆炸、火灾、恐怖)应急救援预案提供了科学依据.     

污泥龄对膜生物反应器污泥特性及膜污染的影响

研究了污泥龄对胞外聚合物(EPS)总量、紧密粘附胞外聚合物(TB)和松散附着胞外聚合物(LB)含量及其中蛋白质与多糖比例的影响.结果表明,随污泥龄的延长,混合液EPS总量增加,TB和LB中蛋白质与多糖比例发生变化.这种变化改变了细菌表面电荷分布,增大了细菌表面亲水基和疏水基的比例,使细菌的存在状态由不稳定型(R型)向稳定型(S型)转变,降低了混合液Zeta电位,SVI值增大.采用SPSS软件对膜污染的主要因子进行了相关性分析,Zeta电位、上清液悬浮固体浓度、相对疏水性的相关系数分别为-0.818、0.853、0.832.综合考虑膜污染阻力和污泥特性,膜生物反应器的污泥龄应控制在优势菌最小世代时间的120倍以下.     

Eulerian and lagrangian transport time scales of a tidal active coastal basin

In this work the flushing features of a tidal active coastal basin, the Venice lagoon, have been investigated. The water transport time scale (TTS) has been computed by means of both an eulerian and a lagrangian approach. The obtained results have been compared in order to identify the main differences between the two methods.     

Food site residence time and female competitive relationships in wild gray-cheeked mangabeys (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lophocebus albigena</Emphasis>)

Authors of socioecological models propose that food distribution affects female social relationships in that clumped food resources, such as fruit, result in strong dominance hierarchies and favor coalition formation with female relatives. A number of Old World monkey species have been used to test predictions of the socioecological models. However, arboreal forest-living Old World monkeys have been understudied in this regard, and it is legitimate to ask whether predominantly arboreal primates living in tropical forests exhibit similar or different patterns of behavior. Therefore, the goal of our study was to investigate female dominance relationships in relation to food in gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena). Since gray-cheeked mangabeys are largely frugivorous, we predicted that females would have linear dominance hierarchies and form coalitions. In addition, recent studies suggest that long food site residence time is another important factor in eliciting competitive interactions. Therefore, we also predicted that when foods had long site residence times, higher-ranking females would be able to spend longer at the resource than lower-ranking females. Analyses showed that coalitions were rare relative to some other Old World primate species, but females had linear dominance hierarchies. We found that, contrary to expectation, fruit was not associated with more agonism and did not involve long site residence times. However, bark, a food with a long site residence time and potentially high resource value, was associated with more agonism, and higher-ranking females were able to spend more time feeding on it than lower-ranking females. These results suggest that higher-ranking females may benefit from higher food and energy intake rates when food site residence times are long. These findings also add to accumulating evidence that food site residence time is a behavioral contributor to female dominance hierarchies in group-living species.     

地铁检票闸机通过能力研究

检票闸机是地铁车站的重要设施之一,其通过能力的大小对车站客流的疏运起着十分重要的作用。对晚高峰时刻客流进行视频录像,采用逐帧回放的方式,统计乘客属性、闸机属性、统计乘客连续检票刷卡的间隔时间和乘客通过闸机的时间,采用SPSS统计分析软件进行数据分析,计算乘客通过闸机速度和闸机通过能力。     

基于Voronoi图和时间效应的矿柱失稳预测

针对香炉山大规模地下采空区,借助Voronoi图确定分摊面积来模拟矿柱荷载分布、矿柱破坏、荷载转移以及荷载重新分布的过程,从而确定现阶段的不稳定矿柱,并在此基础上考虑时间效应。用该方法可得出,目前香炉山钨矿不稳定矿柱的失稳不会造成大规模的坍塌,考虑时间效应,则20年时间效应内二四坑口的南区有发生连续坍塌的可能。为防止矿柱发生大范围坍塌,结合香炉山钨矿的实际情况,最终确定胶结充填法为该矿山当前处理空区的最适宜方法。