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111.
Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S.
rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investigated the e ects of inoculating (with stem
nodule treatment) and non-inoculating (without stem nodule treatment) Azorhizobium caulinodans on the growth, root nodulation, and
N fixation of S. rostrata grown on three di erent types of soil substrata: Pb/Zn tailings, garden soil amended tailings, and garden soil.
The results showed that plant height, stem basal diameter, biomass, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and N-accumulation per plant
were 2.3%–4.9%, 2.2%–7.7%, 27.8%–72.2%, 17.1%–23.5%, 12.3%–34.2%, and 43.1%–131.2%, respectively, higher in treatments
with stem nodule than those without stem nodule for the same soil substrate. With respect to soil substrata, all measurements had
consistently higher values in tailings than in amended tailings and garden soil, indicating that the poorer the soil condition, the greater
the contribution of stem nodule. In contrast, the number and fresh weight of root nodules on plants without stem nodule were 6.9–11.6
times and 5.8–29.0 times higher than those with stem nodule, respectively, especially with respect to the plants grew on Pb/Zn tailings.
In general, stem nodulation favored plant growth and nitrogen fixation of S. rostrata, but suppressed root nodulation. With the ability
of stem and root nodulation, S. rostrata can be used as a pioneer plant species for remediation of Pb/Zn tailings. 相似文献
112.
Seedling growth and metal accumulation of selected woody species in
copper and lead/zinc mine tailings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiang Shi Xiaolei Zhang Guangcai Chen Yitai Chen Ling Wang Xiaoquan Shan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(2):266-274
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of selected woody plants for revegetation in copper (Cu)
and lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailing areas. Five woody species (Amorpha fruticosa Linn, Vitex trifolia Linn: var. simplicifolia Cham,
Glochidion puberum (Linn.) Hutch, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Styrax tonkinensis) and one herbaceous species (Sesbania cannabina
Pers) were planted in Cu and Pb/Zn tailings to assess their growth, root morphology, nutrition uptake, metal accumulation, and
translocation in plants. Amorpha fruticosa maintained normal growth, while the other species demonstrated stress related growth and
root development. Sesbania cannabina showed the highest biomass among the plants, although it decreased by 30% in Cu tailings and
40% in Pb/Zn tailings. Calculated tolerance index (TI) values suggested that A. fruticosa, an N-fixing shrub, was the most tolerant
species to both tailings (TI values 0.92–1.01), while S. cannabina had a moderate TI of 0.65–0.81 and B. papyrifera was the most
sensitive species, especially to Pb/Zn tailings (TI values 0.15–0.19). Despite the high concentrations of heavy metals in the mine
tailings and plants roots, only a small transfer of these elements to the aboveground parts of the woody plants was evident from the
low translocation factor (TF) values. Among the woody plants, V. trifolia var. simplicifolia had the highest TF values for Zn (1.32),
Cu (0.78), and Pb/Zn (0.78). The results suggested that A. fruticosa and S. cannabina, which have the highest tolerance and biomass
production, respectively, demonstrated the potential for tailings revegetation in southern China. 相似文献
113.
114.
土壤容重改变对锌/镉超累积植物遏兰菜根系特征及吸镉的影响 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
为了探讨土壤容重的变化对锌/镉超累积植物遏兰菜(Thlaspi caerulescens)根系形态特征及吸收土壤中镉、锌的影响,采用土壤盆栽方法,研究了土壤结构改良剂(EB.a)对镉污染土壤(2.12 mg.kg-1)的容重和遏兰菜提取镉/锌效率的影响.EB.a用量分别为0、0.1%和2%,植物种植100 d后收获.结果表明,EB.a可有效地降低土壤容重,2%EB.a处理土壤容重从1.27g.cm-3降至1.09 g.cm-3;土壤容重的降低,促进了遏兰菜根系和地上部的生长;植物的总根长、根毛长、根冠比均显著提高(p0.05).随着植物根长的增加,遏兰菜地上部提取镉/锌总量均显著提高(p0.05).与对照相比,2%EB.a处理致使遏兰菜总根长增加了2.6倍,植物地上部镉浓度和提取总量分别提高了20%和30%,镉提取效率由15%提高至19%;但遏兰菜的地上部锌浓度和提取总量并没有显著变化.研究结果证实了改善土壤结构可以促进遏兰菜根系的生长从而提高植物对镉的提取效率. 相似文献
115.
天气衍生品作为一项金融创新产品,为天气风险的管理和转移提供了新的途径.与传统衍生品不同的是,天气衍生品合约标的物是常见的天气变量,本身不具有资产价格,因此面临的并不是传统意义上的基差风险.天气衍生品的基差风险包括产品基差风险和空间基差风险,这些基差风险严重影响着天气衍生品的风险对冲效果,阻碍了市场发展,也是研究的重点与难点.相比产品基差风险因特定部门而异,空间基差风险具有不可避免的特点.依据反距离加权法,增加空间多样性构建天气衍生品组合,可用于对冲空间基差风险,但需要经验数据验证.研究表明,天气衍生品收益与假设收益的均方根误差(RMSE)能够很好的量化天气敏感企业遇到的天气风险,天气风险对冲效果可以通过RMSE的变化值进行度量;构建中国华东地区降雨量看跌期权交易,相较单一地区收益偏差,期权买方采用空间组合策略取得了更好的空间基差风险对冲效果.此外,研究结果发现,在构建天气衍生品空间组合时,组合中气象观测点的数目并不是越多越好,即较少的观测点个数即能显著降低天气风险对冲效果,这也为实践操作提供了便利. 相似文献
116.
目的研究位移、速度和加速度谱之间的转换关系,给出三者功率谱密度之间的转换公式,进而用于导弹运输振动环境的设计。同时,研究加速度信号转换为振动位移的方法,并应用于导弹舱内单机设备安全间隙的设计。方法利用OMEGA算法,首先将加速度传感器测得的加速度时域信号转换成加速度频域信号,随后将加速度谱转换成位移谱,并计算位移谱中每个谱线对应的幅值、相位和圆频率,最后将各位移分量简单叠加得到振动位移的时间历程。结果采用该方法计算了高速公路上导弹的运输振动位移功率谱,并得到垂向、横向和纵向的峰-峰位移分别为3.32,0.46,2.14 mm。同时,计算了飞行环境下导弹舱内单机设备的振动位移,与所测得位移在幅值上相当,时域曲线形态一致。结论该方法能够很好地应用于导弹振动工程设计。 相似文献
117.
This study screened out eluants for efficiently desorbing metal nanoparticles from plant root surface, and distinguished the proportions of CuO-nanoparticles uptake and adsorption. 相似文献
118.
负载铁生物炭对土壤-水稻系统As溶出特性与生物有效性的影响与机理解析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
负载铁生物炭(FeBC)已证实对溶液体系和雄黄矿高砷(As)尾渣中的无机As具有极为显著的吸附钝化效能,但其对土壤-水稻系统中As的溶出特性和生物有效性的影响尚为空白.为此,本研究系统探析了FeBC处理对水稻根际As溶出特性、根表铁膜As持留-释放模式转化和As向水稻体内各器官转运积累的影响与发生机制.结果表明,FeBC处理条件下的水稻根际pH普遍高于对照(CK),而氧化还原电位(Eh)则低于CK;FeBC处理所导致的根际Eh下降几乎同步使根际孔隙水As、Fe浓度自分蘖期后均随FeBC比例的增加而升高,且孔隙水As、Fe浓度具有显著正相关性(p0.01).成熟期内根表铁膜Fe、As含量均随FeBC比例的增加而升高,这一点可由微区X射线荧光(μ-XRF)所显示的2%FeBC处理中水稻根系表面Fe、As浓度均显著高于CK得到印证,而这一特点导致FeBC处理下的白根和糙米As含量显著升高(p0.05).以上结果表明,FeBC能有效提高水稻根表铁膜形成量及其对As的持留,但超过特定阈值的铁膜浓度(20~25 mg·g~(-1))对As的大量富集却可成为根系对As的吸收源,促进As向根系内的转运,并导致稻米As积累量升高.由此可见,含Fe钝化剂对水稻根际As生物有效性的影响具有可变性,其应用风险和产生机制值得引起高度关注. 相似文献
119.
Hilda Kwan Sherman Swanson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(6):1439-1447
Many bank erosion models have limitations that restrict their use in wildland settings. Scientists and land managers at the Sequoia National Forest would like to understand the mechanisms and rates of streambank erosion to evaluate management issues and post‐wildfire effects. This study uses bank erosion hazard index (BEHI) and near‐bank stress (NBS) methods developed in Rosgen (2006 Watershed Assessment of River Stability and Sediment Supply [WARSSS]) for predicting streambank erosion in a geographic area that is dominated by colluvium and in which streambank erosion modeling has not been previously evaluated. BEHI evaluates bank susceptibility to erosion based on bank angle, bank and bankfull height, rooting depth and density, surface protection, and stratification of material within the banks. NBS assesses energy distribution against the bank measured as a ratio of bankfull near‐bank maximum depth to mean bankfull depth. We compared BEHI classes and NBS to actual bank erosion measured from 2008 to 2012. This index predicted streambank erosion with clear separation among BEHI ratings with R2 values of 0.76 for extreme, 0.37 for high/very high, 0.49 for moderate, and 0.70 for low BEHI. The relationships between measured erosion and BEHI extend the application of BEHI/NBS to a new region where they can inform management priorities, afforestation, stream/riparian restoration projects, and potentially burned area rehabilitation. 相似文献
120.
通过改变溶液温度、pH值、ATP浓度、钙浓度和培养液的钙浓度等条件,研究了菹草根和叶细胞质膜Ca2+-ATPase的活性的变化.结果表明,根细胞质膜Ca2+-ATPase的活性在pH 6.0时最高,其最适反应温度为40℃;叶细胞质膜Ca2+-ATPase在一个较宽的pH范围内具有高活性,最适反应温度为45℃;溶液中ATP浓度分别为3mmol/L和4mmol/L时菹草根和叶细胞质膜Ca2+-ATPase活性最大;无论是菹草根还是叶细胞质膜Ca2+-ATPase活性,在溶液钙浓度为10-4mol/L时都最高.在营养液中添加不同CaCl2浓度培养菹草,其根和叶细胞质膜Ca2+-ATPase活性表现出差异,根细胞质膜Ca2+-ATPase活性比叶细胞质膜Ca2+-ATPase活性高,且随营养液中钙浓度的增加,这种差异加大;当营养液中钙浓度在10mg/L(2.5×10-4 mol/L)以下时,Ca2+-ATPase活性逐渐上升,营养液中钙浓度由10mg/L增加到15mg/L,Ca2+-ATPase活性陡然下降,这与溶液钙浓度对Ca2+-ATPase活性的影响相呼应. 相似文献