Striking the balance: Challenges and perspectives for the protected areas network in northeastern European Russia

Increasing anthropogenic pressure on the largest remaining tracts of old-growth boreal forest in Europe necessitates additional conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity in northeastern European Russia. In a regional network comprising 8 % of the Nenets Autonomous District and 13.5 % of the Komi Republic, 248 areas have varying protected statuses as state nature reserves (zapovedniks), national parks, reserves/sanctuaries (zakazniks), or natural monuments. Due to increased natural resource extraction in this relatively pristine area, designation of additional protected areas is critical for the protection of key ecological sites. The history of ecological preservation in these regions is herein described, and recent recommendations for incorporating additional ecologically representative areas into the regional network are presented. If the protected area network can be expanded, the overall environmental stability in these globally significant ecosystems may remain intact, and can help Russia meet the 2020 Aichi conservation targets, as set forth by the Convention of Biological Diversity.     

300MW锅炉低NOx燃烧系统改造效果分析

针对日益严重的环境污染、锅炉热效率低等问题,阐述了燃煤锅炉炉内空间分级燃烧技术、煤粉浓淡高效分离技术改造项目和特点,提出了对燃烧器系统、一次风管道、二次风系统和空预器系统等系统进行具体的低氮改造措施。分析了300 MW燃煤锅炉低氮改造后的热经济性和安全性。经试验验证,1号锅炉低氮改造后,锅炉NOx 排放量大幅减少,排放浓度降到了280 mg／m3。     

基于IWCPA模型的工业节水关键技术选择

通过建立工业节水潜力分析和技术综合评价模型(IWCPA模型),筛选了影响高耗水行业用水的关键技术.选定2002年为基准年,在2010年和2020年高耗水行业取水零增长的情景设定下,进行了分行业和行业耦合的技术综合评价及技术选择,确定了重要工业用水技术实施的优先序,建立了高耗水行业重要用水技术的优选清单.结果表明,未来15a内是否能够在若干工业用水关键技术的研究、应用和推广方面取得突破,是挖掘工业节水潜力、提高工业用水效率的关键.     

Patterns of catch and trophic signatures illustrate diverse management requirements of coastal fisheries in Solomon Islands

Coastal fisheries are a critical component of Pacific island food systems; they power village economies and provide nutritious aquatic foods. Many coastal women and men actively fishing in this region rely on multi-species fisheries, which given their extraordinary diversity are notoriously difficult to both characterize, and to manage. Understanding patterns of fishing, diversity of target species and drivers of these patterns can help define requirements for sustainable management and enhanced livelihoods. Here we use a 12-month data set of 8535 fishing trips undertaken by fishers across Malaita province, Solomon Islands, to create fisheries signatures for 13 communities based on the combination of two metrics; catch per unit effort (CPUE) and catch trophic levels. These signatures are in turn used as a framework for guiding suitable management recommendations in the context of community-based resource management. While a key proximate driver of these patterns was fishing gear (e.g. angling, nets or spearguns), market surveys and qualitative environmental information suggest that community fishing characteristics are coupled to local environmental features more than the market value of specific species they target. Our results demonstrate that even within a single island not all small-scale fisheries are equal, and effective management solutions ultimately depend on catering to the specific environmental characteristics around individual communities.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01690-z.     

利用废渣盐石膏制作轻型墙体材料

研究利用海盐化工产生的废渣盐石膏经过一定工艺处理,生产轻型墙体材料盐石膏空心条板,该产品与天然石膏空心条板相比,原料采用及生产工艺都有较大改进,生产成本却大幅度下降。经测试,该产品完全可替代天然石膏空心条板,技术性能指标达到了国家规定的相关标准。     

中国铝生命周期能耗与碳排放的情景分析及减排对策

铝工业是高能耗高排放工业,探索铝工业的节能减排路径有助于我国实现《巴黎协定》中的温室气体减排承诺.采用物质流分析和生命周期评价方法,基于存量水平、技术水平和能源结构设置了15种情景,研究了我国铝工业1990～2100年的能耗和碳排放量,探索不同路径下的节能减排潜力.我国铝在用存量将在2040～2050年达到峰值(4.6...     

中国南中国海海岸湿地退化现状和保护对策

南中国海湿地包括广东省、香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区、广西壮族自治区和海南省等五个行政区,总面积为15 393.75 km2。由于受人口增加和经济发展的巨大压力,中国南中国海湿地破坏严重,退化趋势明显。本文在对中国南中国海地区海岸湿地的现状、类型及湿地退化的主要原因进行分析的基础上,提出中国南中国海地区海岸湿地资源保护与管理的建议,以便切实保护中国南中国海沿海多样化的湿地类型,持续发挥其生态服务功能。     

铝材Sn-Ni混合盐电解着枪色参数研究

首先对铝片试样进行预处理,随后在恒定的电流密度和相同的氧化时间下,在铝材表面形成厚度均匀的阳极氧化膜,然后采用方波交流电,对铝试样进行电解着色处理,通过改变铝材电解着色工艺的着色时间、电流密度、正负电流比、占空比等因素来研究这些因素与铝材明度值和色差之间的关系。实验结果表明获得枪色的最佳工艺条件是:着色时间6m in左右,着色电流密度为1.40 A/dm2左右,正向电流比负向电流大7%左右,占空比55%左右。     

基于循环经济,探索园区污水处理新思路

为响应国家节能减排和循环经济的理念,本文提出一种新的园区污水处理方式-以污治污:利用企业A废水中的碱性物质与消耗企业B废水中的氢离子,再向废水中投加石灰石去除多余的氢离子,投加液碱去除废水中的铜离子和锌离子。优化后的废水处理方式可减少盐酸、石灰石的使用量,从源头上减少了资源的浪费和排入外环境的污染物,对社会发展和生态环境均具有明显的正效益。     

高温炭化法处理工业废盐工程方案研究

针对工业废盐成分复杂、精制难度高的现状,本文提出了一种工业废盐的资源化工程方案,技术经济分析表明,该工程化方案在技术上、经济上能够实现满足投资、运营要求,具备较好的推广前景。