嘉兴市社会经济与科技发展互动分析研究

当前。科技进步已经成为推动经济发展的决定性因素。而基层科技工作薄弱的事实无疑制约着我国社会主义新农村建设的进程。本文以嘉兴市社会经济和科技发展为切入点。以1998-2004年嘉兴市社会经济和科技发展相关数据为依据。通过深入分析社会经济与科技发展的互动关系。力求总结我国基层科技工作的发展轨迹及其模式。为地方科技工作政策的制订提供参考与依据。     

Sustainability science: an ecohealth perspective

Sustainability science is emerging as a transdisciplinary effort to come to grips with the much-needed symbiosis between human activity and the environment. While there is recognition that conventional economic growth must yield to policies that foster sustainable development, this has not yet occurred on any broad scale. Rather, there is clear evidence that the Earth’s ecosystems and landscapes continue to degrade as a consequence of the cumulative impact of human activities. Taking an ecohealth approach to sustainability science provides a unique perspective on both the goals and the means to achieve sustainability. The goals should be the restoration of full functionality to the Earth’s ecosystems and landscapes, as measured by the key indicators of health: resilience, organization, vitality (productivity), and the absence of ecosystem distress syndrome. The means should be the coordinated (spatially and temporally) efforts to modify human behaviors to reduce cumulative stress impacts. Achieving ecosystem health should become the cornerstone of sustainability policy—for healthy ecosystems are the essential precondition for achieving sustainable livelihoods, human health, and many other societal objectives, as reflected in the Millennium Development Goals.     

试论社会主义市场经济体制下的安全立法

探讨了法制与安全科学的相互关系,安全立法的作用以及社会主义市场经济体制下安全方法的重要性与紧迫性;提出了关于安全立法的几点建议。     

协同创新视角下资环专业研究生科技创新能力提升途径

资源循环科学与工程专业硕士毕业生存在规模小、科技创新能力不足、能力施展受限等问题,无法满足产业对高层次人才的需求。究其原因有:(1)新兴专业,其研究生导师队伍建设不健全,人才培养质量参差不齐;(2)交叉专业,其科技创新能力培养方向尚需融合凝练;(3)综合专业,其现有科研平台还不足以支撑学科发展,科技创新能力培养模式还没有完全形成。因此,本学科研究生培养单位应树立协同创新理念,坚持行业需求导向,充分挖掘办学特色和优势,凝练培养方向、完善以科技创新能力培养核心的研究生培养方案;加强师资队伍建设,建立健全科研平台;支持鼓励科技创新实践活动,做好学科前沿追踪;加强校校交流互动,提升硕士点认可度。     

2004安全科学与技术国际会议综述

综述了2004年10月25-28日在上海召开的安全科学与技术国际会议的情况.介绍了该会议的办会目的、会议历史、会议的意义和其影响.与前3届会议(1998年北京、2000年北京和2002年山东泰安)作了比较.来自14个国家和地区的238名代表出席了该会议,8名专家作了大会报告,74名代表就会议主题的各个方面作了分组报告和讨论.会前出版的论文集收录了549篇论文,已经全部被EI、ISTP和CA收录.该会议在国内外产生了积极的影响.     

辽宁中部城市群生态环境问题与可持续发展

分析了辽宁中部城市群的发展及生态环境现状,指出了主要的生态环境问题是环境污染,尤其是城市河段水质污染最为严重,其次是水资源缺乏,再次是环境地质灾害表现突出.提出应加大环境综合治理力度、强化生态环境管理,以改善河流水质和城市空气污染,提高固体废物的综合利用率和垃圾无害化处理率,构建生态城市,实现城市群地区的可持续发展.     

3D geometric structures and biological activity: Application to microbial soil organic matter decomposition in pore space

During the past 10 years, soil scientists have started to use 3D Computed Tomography in order to gain a clearer understanding of the geometry of soil structure and its relationships with soil properties. We propose a geometric model for the 3D representation of pore space and a practical method for its computation. Our basic idea consists in representing pore space using a minimal set of maximal balls (Delaunay spheres) recovering the shape skeleton. In this representation, each ball could be considered as a maximal local cavity corresponding to the “intuitive” notion of a pore as described in the literature. The space segmentation induced by the network of balls (pores) was then used to spatialize biological dynamics. Organic matter and microbial decomposers were distributed within the balls (pores). A valuated graph representing the pore network, organic matter and distribution of micro-organisms was then defined. Microbial soil organic matter decomposition was simulated by updating this valuated graph. The method was implemented and tested using real CT images. The model produced realistic simulated results when compared with data in the literature in terms of the water retention curve and carbon mineralization. A decrease in water pressure decreased carbon mineralization, which is also in accordance with findings in the literature. From our results we showed that the influence of water pressure on decomposition is a function of organic matter distribution in the pore space. As far as we know, this is the approach to have linked pore space geometry and biological dynamics in a formal way. Our next goal will be to compare the model with experimental data of decomposition using different soil structures, and to define geometric typologies of pore space shape that can be attached to specific biological and dynamic properties.     

资源科学的研究对象、学科体系与建设途径

资源科学是一门研究自然资源的形成、演化、质量特征与时空分布及其与人类社会发展之相互关系的科学。资源科学的学科体系与分支学科主要包括理论资源学、综合(基础)资源学、部门(应用)资源学与区域资源学,其中,综合资源学可以续分为7个资源学科,部门资源学可以续分为9个资源学科;理论资源学作为资源科学通论,区域资源学作为资源科学在具体区域的实际应用,都可做出进一步续分;由此提出了资源科学学科体系发展的三维结构网络模式。在此基础上,结合国内外高等院校资源科学的专业设置、学位体系与课程设计,提出整合现有分列的资源科学研究内容,在国家“学科分类与代码”和“授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录”中,增列资源科学与技术交叉学科门类;高等院校的资源与环境学院,在资源科学之下可以设立资源科学、资源技术与资源管理3个本科专业,并招收相关专业的硕士、博士研究生。以此推动资源科学学科体系的发展与高级资源科学人才的培养工作。     

计算机模拟与可视化技术在火灾科学研究中的应用

随着信息技术的不断发展,计算机模拟和可视化技术在火灾科学研究的各个方面都得到了广泛的应用,该文系统介绍了计算机模拟和可视化技术在当前火灾安全技术层面的一些重要的应用和需要解决的一些问题。     

21世纪资源环境科学面临的挑战

21世纪资源与环境科学面临的重大挑战是正确认识经济建设与资源、环境的协调关系,这方面地质科学将发挥重大的作用。本文分析了地质科学对社会经济发展的巨大推动作用,指出了21世纪地质科学面临的重大任务。