陆源排海污水生物毒性控制限值研究——以秦皇岛市为例

在枯水期和丰水期,对秦皇岛市15个典型入海排污口污水进行生物效应监测,选用发光细菌(费歇尔弧菌)、藻类(中肋骨条藻)、甲壳类(卤虫)、鱼类(海水青鳉幼鱼) 4种不同的生物毒性测试生物对污水进行短期急性毒性测试。结果表明:排海污水的毒性大小易受雨水稀释影响;海水青鳉幼鱼对污水最为敏感,其次为卤虫和中肋骨条藻,费歇尔弧菌敏感性最低。对排海污水毒性评估结果与理化指标的相关性分析进一步表明,仅仅依靠理化指标来评估污水的环境影响具有局限性。     

Metals in tissues of diamondback terrapin from New Jersey

Relatively little is known about contaminants in reptiles, particularly turtles. The distribution of metals in eggs, liverand muscle of diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) was examined from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey as part of an aquatic study to understand movement of contaminants in the bay. Lead and cadmium were relatively low in all tissues. There were significant differences among tissues for all metals, except lead. Where there were significant differences, levels werehighest in the liver, except for chromium. Levels of mercurywere 6.6 times higher in the liver than muscle, and manganeselevels were 4 times as high. The levels of metals in muscle ofdiamondback terrapin are below those that might cause effects inconsumers, including humans who eat them in stews. However, thelevel of mercury in liver is sufficiently high to be problematicfor consumers and scavengers that eat liver.     

Do Open-Cycle Hatcheries Relying on Tourism Conserve Sea Turtles? Sri Lankan Developments and Economic–Ecological Considerations

By combining economic analysis of markets with ecological parameters, this article considers the role that tourism-based sea turtle hatcheries (of an open-cycle type) can play in conserving populations of sea turtles. Background is provided on the nature and development of such hatcheries in Sri Lanka. The modeling facilitates the assessment of the impacts of turtle hatcheries on the conservation of sea turtles and enables the economic and ecological consequences of tourism, based on such hatcheries, to be better appreciated. The results demonstrate that sea turtle hatcheries serving tourists can make a positive contribution to sea turtle conservation, but that their conservation effectiveness depends on the way they are managed. Possible negative effects are also identified. Economic market models are combined with turtle population survival relationships to predict the conservation impact of turtle hatcheries and their consequence for the total economic value obtained from sea turtle populations.     

建平县沙棘资源的开发利用

沙棘属胡颓子科植物，是一种野生的果类资源，具有较高的药用及生态价值，为食品行业中开发利用价值较高的原料。叙述了建平县沙棘的开发利用现状，使人们了解、利用、保护它，让沙棘更好地造福于人类。     

Estimating Time Windows for Burning Oil at Sea: Processes and Factors

This paper discusses processes and factors for estimating time period windows of in situ burning of spilled oil at sea. Time-periods of in situ burning of Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil are estimated using available data. Three crucial steps are identified. The First Step is to determine the time it takes for the evaporative loss to reach the known or established limitation for evaporation and compare this time-period with estimated time of ignition at the ambient wind and sea temperatures. The Second Step is to determine the water up-take of the spilled oil and compare it with the known or established limitation for water-in-oil content. The Third Step is to determine the necessary heat load from the igniter to bring the surface temperature of the spilled oil to its flash point temperature so that it will burn at the estimated time period for ignition of the slick.     

陆海统筹视域下海洋与陆地环境民事公益诉讼协同研究

海洋环境民事公益诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼系特殊与一般的关系,海洋环境问题较强的涉外属性决定了海洋环境民事公益诉讼在适格主体、管辖法院等方面存在特殊的规定,此种特殊规定不宜废除。但海洋环境民事公益诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼双轨并行的关系造成了海陆交叉污染案件存在适格主体、管辖等争议,且存在两诉协同上的挑战。导致这一问题的根本原因在于,海洋环境民事公益诉讼的受案范围限制在地理概念上的海域,这割裂了同一污染行为下陆地与海洋的联系。陆海统筹理念要求打通陆地与海洋之间的联系,以陆海一体化保护海洋生态环境。在这一理念的指导下,可对海洋环境民事公益诉讼受案范围进行陆海一体化调整,以克服陆地与海洋环境民事公益诉讼双轨并行造成的协同问题。具体而言,在海陆交叉污染案件中可以损害发生地为判断标准,当损害发生地在海洋时,则以海统陆,属海洋环境民事公益诉讼受案范围;当损害发生地在陆地时,则以陆统海,属环境民事公益诉讼受案范围。     

真鲷去毒相关基因cDNA序列的克隆与肝脏组成型表达分析

赤潮发生时产生的一些海洋生物毒素对人类和海洋动物的安全形成潜在的威胁甚至导致死亡.为从分子水平探讨鱼类中海洋藻毒素的去毒分子机理,采用RT-PCR法克隆了真鲷(Pagrus major)肝脏芳香烃受体核转位蛋白(ARNT)和I时相异生素代谢酶细胞色素P4501A(CYP1A)基因cDNA核心序列,同时,应用半定量RT-PCR方法,以β-肌动蛋白作为外参照,在其指数期增长的范围内研究了芳香烃受体(AHR)、ARNT、CYP1A、II时相异生素代谢酶alpha型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTA1、GSTA2)、rho型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTR)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因组成型表达水平.结果发现,真鲷ARNT、CYP1A基因cDNA核心序列片段分别长438bp和908bp,分别编码146和302个氨基酸.序列同源性分析发现,真鲷与门齿鲷(Stenotomus chrysops)、石首鱼(Micropogon undulatus)ARNT基因氨基酸序列同源性高达97.2%、95.2%,与斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)、人、大鼠、小鼠ARNT同源性较低(77.2%～79.3%).真鲷与门齿鲷、金头鲷(Sparus auratus)、欧洲川鲽(Rhombus maximus)、欧洲海鲈(Dicentrachus labrax)CYP1A基因氨基酸序列同源性较高,为84.8%～94.0%,与斑马鱼、人、小鼠CYP1A同源性较低,为59.6%～77.8%.真鲷肝脏AHR、ARNT、CYP1A、GSTA1、GSTA2、GSTR和HSP70基因组成型表达水平分别为(25.32±6.56)%、(26.22±4.24)%、(146.5±16.06)%、(55.42±3.75)%、(48.82±10.89)%、(79.47±3.13)%、(107.42±14.34)%.     

Distorting Gene Pools by Conservation: Assessing the Case of Doomed Turtle Eggs

Sea turtles have a high reproductive output and high mortality at early stages of the life cycle. In particular, many nests are laid below or close to high tide lines, and subsequently large numbers of eggs may be inundated and destroyed. A common conservation procedure is to relocate such doomed eggs to higher ground. This article examines this practice in the light of recent data revealing that some individual turtles tend to nest relatively near the water and others relatively higher up the beach. Discussion is focused on the question of why apparently poor placement of nests has not been selected against. Comparison between the ecology of leatherback and hawksbill turtle nesting beaches suggests that predictability of environmental conditions on the nesting beaches has an important influence on patterns of nest-site selection. Options are outlined for the management of nesting beaches where a high proportion of turtle eggs is subject to destruction by flooding. An erratum to this article is available at.     

What Makes Them Pay? Values of Volunteer Tourists Working for Sea Turtle Conservation

As charismatic mega-fauna, sea turtles attract many volunteers to conservation programs. This article examines the ways in which volunteers value sea turtles, in the specific context of volunteers working with the Caribbean Conservation Corporation, at Tortuguero, Costa Rica. The complexity of volunteer values is explored using a qualitative approach. In-depth interviews with 31 volunteers were conducted in July of 1999 and 2000. Interviews probed, among other things, interest in sea turtles and their conservation, motives for participating, and the most gratifying parts of their volunteer experience. Results show that volunteers hold multiple and complex values for sea turtles, but particular values dominate. Results have implications for understanding human–environment relations and the emerging study of volunteer tourism. There are also management implications for volunteer programs hoping to attract participants.     

船载雷达海冰监测及预报技术在辽东湾冰区油轮外输作业中的应用

渤海的辽东湾是世界上典型的海湾结冰区,位于冰区中的石油平台油轮外输作业中,流冰连续不断地漂移、聚集形成堆积冰,给海上油轮的外输作业安全带来严重危害。本文概述了在国内首次利用船载雷达,在该湾冰区石油平台上,现场采用雷达海冰监测预报技术系统,进行遥感海冰数据源的获取,图像的解译和数值化处理,得到流冰类型、冰厚度、流冰密集度、流冰速度、方向、流冰漂移轨迹等要素。同时首次现场实时计算出雷达冰漂流场矢量图,并开展了雷达海冰数值跟踪预报,在冰区油轮外输作业中得到很好应用,为雷达技术对水体和海冰监测和预报、遥感应用新领域提供科学依据。