辽宁省地下水环境问题

为制定辽宁省地下水环境保护对幕提供科学依据，在辽宁省地下水问题调查的基础上，对辽宁省地下水超采、海水入侵、地下水污染环境变化趋势等进行了分析。     

辽东湾北部浅水区海水腐蚀试验研究

针对辽东湾北部海域水浅、潮差大等海洋环境特点，采用D钢、DH钢和API5LX—52钢在现场进行了时间分别为1a、2a的长尺挂片实验，得到了该浅水海域全浸区海水腐蚀特别严重的结论(上述三种钢材腐蚀速率分别为0．7068、0．4735和0．5491mm／a)，为在辽东湾北部及具有相似特征的海域建设海工结构物或钻井平台等的防腐工作提供了参考依据。     

Water sharing agreements sustainable to reduced flows

By signing a water sharing agreement (WSA), countries agree to release an amount of river water in exchange for a negotiated compensation. We examine the vulnerability of such agreements to reduced water flows. Among all WSAs that are acceptable to riparian countries, we find out the one which is self-enforced under the most severe drought scenarios. The so-called upstream incremental WSA assigns to each country its marginal contribution to its followers in the river. Its mirror image, the downstream incremental WSA, is not sustainable to reduced flow at the source. Self-enforcement problems can be solved by setting water releases and compensations contingent to water flow. We apply our analysis to the Aral Sea Basin. We compute the upstream incremental compensations for the Bishkek agreement and asses its vulnerability with historical flows.     

Recent Changes in the Hydrobiology of the Aral Sea

Since 1992 attempts have been made to isolate and conserve the northern part of the Aral Sea of means of a dam. Changes in the main aquatic communities between 1985 and 1994 based on field work, laboratory investigations and literature surveys are described and the future prospects for the region are discussed.     

Spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric mercury species over the Adriatic Sea

Field measurements of atmospheric mercury and related species were carried out during an intensive cruise campaign performed over the Adriatic sea from October 26th to November 12th, 2004 on board the R/V Urania. Hg⁰ ranged between 0.8 and 3.3 ng/m³ with an average of 1.6 ± 0.4 ng/m³ over the entire period. Hg(II) concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 62.8 pg/m³ with an average of 6.7 ± 11.7 pg/m³ whereas Hg-p levels were in a range of 0.04 and 51 pg/m³ with an average of 4.5 ± 8 pg/m³. Higher Hg⁰ and Hg-p concentrations were observed in the Gulf of Venice and Gulf of Trieste due primarily to air masses transported from the mainland reflecting the contribution from anthropogenic sources. In contrast, higher Hg(II) concentrations observed during the first period of the cruise campaign were likely due to the occurrence of photo-oxidants production which are the main players of the gas phase oxidation of to Hg(II)_(g). These findings have been confirmed by the backward trajectories analysis of air masses crossing the studied area during selected days.     

Current Practices and Future Opportunities for Policy on Climate Change and Invasive Species

Abstract:  Climate change and invasive species are often treated as important, but independent, issues. Nevertheless, they have strong connections: changes in climate and societal responses to climate change may exacerbate the impacts of invasive species, whereas invasive species may affect the magnitude, rate, and impact of climate change. We argue that the design and implementation of climate-change policy in the United States should specifically consider the implications for invasive species; conversely, invasive-species policy should address consequences for climate change. The development of such policies should be based on (1) characterization of interactions between invasive species and climate change, (2) identification of areas where climate-change policies could negatively affect invasive-species management, and (3) identification of areas where policies could benefit from synergies between climate change and invasive-species management.     

湛江东海岛春季海雾雾水化学特性分析

利用湛江1951~2010年地面观测资料及2010年3月15日~4月20日在湛江东海岛6次海雾观测数据,分析了湛江海雾发生的规律和雾水化学特性.结果表明,湛江海雾属于酸性海雾,pH值变化范围从4.80~6.05.海雾发生初期的电导率比雾发生期间高很多,说明海雾发生的初始阶段雾水中溶解了大量的污染物.对样本的电导率与pH值进行非线性拟合,相关系数为0.61,表明存在一定的相关性.湛江东海岛雾中各离子浓度很高,与其他城市相比较,湛江海雾阴离子Cl-和NO3-很高,特别是Cl-达13000μmol/L,但SO42-不高;阳离子中Na+很高.电导率比其他城市偏高.Ca2+和Mg2+的离子浓度较高,主要是受近地表土壤(主要是钙和铁的碳酸盐)尘埃影响.在雾过程的前期,雾水中各离子成分浓度最高,雾过程期间浓度偏低.各种离子浓度与雾的类型有关.     

宁波-舟山海域环境容量研究I. 三维潮流数值模拟

基于美国普林斯顿大学的河口、陆架和海洋模式（ECOM）,引入干湿网格法变动边界处理技术,将模型应用于宁波-舟山海域,建立此海域的三维潮流模型。计算结果与实测值符合良好,较好的刻画出此海域分潮的潮流场时空分布特点。     

海胆胚胎不同发育期P-糖蛋白（P-glycoprotein）药物外排功能的研究

通过研究添加维拉帕米(Verapamil,VER)后,灭蝇胺(Cyromazine)和杀虫丹(Ethiofencarb)对海胆胚胎致死中浓度(LC50)的变化,探讨了不同发育期海胆胚胎P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)的功能.结果表明:灭蝇胺和杀虫丹对海胆胚胎的平均LC50分别为2.50mg·L-1和3.50mg·L-1,在加入0.75μmol·L-1P-gp抑制剂VER后,其LC50平均降低40%～42%,说明海胆胚胎P-gp具有药物外排作用.药物浓度可影响P-gp功能,随药物浓度的升高,P-gp外排功能逐渐减弱,甚至达到饱和.实验同时通过分子模拟方法研究了灭蝇胺和杀虫丹的分子结构特征,实验和理论结果均证实了这两种药物分子为海胆胚胎P-gp的底物.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in red mullet (Mullus bavbatus) and sediments from the Eastern Aegean Sea

The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and sediment samples in the eastern Aegean Sea. The data were collected during cruises in July and November 1994, in the framework of National Marine Measurement and Monitoring Programme in the Aegean Sea. PAHs were detected in the tissue of Mullus barbatus of different sex and size from nine sampling sites throughout the study area ranging from 0.03 to 0.46 ug/g (fresh weight). The observations show the high levels of PAHs were found in tissues of females. The average concentration of PAHs in Aegean Sea sediments ranged from 0.20 to 1.8 ug/g (dry weight). No significant correlation was observed between PAH and sedimentary organic carbon.