降水过量氘指示的北极冬季海冰消融及水汽变化

在全球变暖背景下,持续减少的海冰正在通过降水和蒸发改变着北极水循环。降水同位素及其过量氘参数（d）作为水循环示踪剂对北极水文气候变化研究具有重要帮助,但由于观测资料匮乏,目前有关北极水循环的同位素示踪研究鲜有报道。本文以冬季海冰主要消融区——巴伦支—格陵兰海（BGS）为例,调查了BGS冬季降水d值与海冰和大气环流的关系。结果表明：BGS降水d值与海冰范围呈显著正相关,而与巴伦支—喀拉海（BKS）反气旋指数呈显著负相关。BGS降水d主要受海冰变化导致的局地蒸发控制,当海冰减少时,局地蒸发水汽增加,贡献了更多低d的降水。增强的BKS反气旋通过绝热下沉增温和向极的水热输送,加强了BGS海冰消融与局地蒸发,降低了降水d值;而较低纬地区输送水汽以高的d值为特征,其对BGS降水的直接贡献有限。该项研究从同位素的视角厘清了局地蒸发与较低纬地区水汽输送对北极降水的相对重要性,不仅有助于理解海冰减少对北极水循环的影响,也对北极古气候重建具有重要启示。     

渤海海冰Modis影像中"伪海冰像元"消除方法的探讨

"伪海冰像元"对渤海海冰范围分布信息的提取产生影响,消除伪海冰像元需要得到一些传感器、大气状况等参数,但往往很难全部得到满足.本文研究了在不知道传感器、大气状况等参数的条件下,通过对数字影像进行实验分析,提取传感器、大气状况引起的脉冲响应函数,并利用该函数结合频域逆滤波和维纳滤波器求解消除非理想脉冲响应的反卷积函数,在空域利用反卷积函数对图像进行逆处理的"伪海冰像元"消除方法.试验结果表明,该方法能够达到降低"伪海冰像元"与其邻域海水像元之间分离度的目的,从而较好的在渤海海区Modis影像中实现分离出"伪海冰像元"的效果.     

Water Quality Modeling of Municipal Discharges from Sea Outfalls,Mumbai

The island city of Mumbai with a population of about 10 million generates about 2000 million liters per day (mld) of sewage from the seven service areas of the city sewerage network and discharges it into the adjoining west coast and the two creeks in the Arabian Sea. This has resulted in degradation of coastal water quality, contamination of the adjoining beaches and seafronts. The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai has therefore, undertaken the task of delineating appropriate sewage disposal system to achieve cleaner marine ecosystem through marine outfalls at specific locations. This paper presents the results of the mathematical simulations on the impacts of discharge is-a-vis the length of the outfall and level of land treatment apriori. The results of the simulation indicate the level of bacterial pollution to be higher near the diffuser locations as compared to nearshore regions. 48 hsimulation result analysis shows that FC counts nearthe diffuser location will be in the range of 2000–8000 counts per 100 ml.     

山东半岛蓝色经济区海洋生态旅游发展研究

发展海洋生态旅游是实现山东半岛蓝色经济区战略的重要途径之一。在SWOT分析的基础上,指出在山东半岛蓝色经济区发展海洋生态旅游必须明确其动力机制,坚持统筹发展战略,从生态保护、社区参与、区域统筹和产业协同四个方面采取具体的对策。     

海上平台采油工艺设计浅析

文章通过实例,简要阐述了滩海、浅海、深海三种开发模式的特点、主要工艺及其适用性。指出各自存在的问题,并提出相应的建议,为海上勘探开发提供借鉴。     

Impact of Sea Level Rise on Groundwater Salinity in a Coastal Community of South Florida1

Guha, Hillol and Sorab Panday, 2012. Impact of Sea Level Rise on Groundwater Salinity in a Coastal Community of South Florida. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 510-529. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00630.x Abstract: Freshwater resources of coastal communities in the United States and world over are threatened by the rate of sea level rise. According to recent estimates by various governmental agencies and climate researchers, the global sea level rise is likely to be between 0.6 and 2.1 m by the year 2100. South Florida is a coastal community and much of its coastline is subject to sea level rise and potential impacts to wetlands and the water resources of the area. To understand what the impact of sea level rise would cause to the groundwater level and salinity intrusion, an integrated groundwater and surface water model was developed for North Miami-Dade and Broward Counties of South Florida. The model was calibrated against daily groundwater heads, base flows in canals, and chloride concentrations for a period of one year and six months. Three separate sensitivity analyses were conducted by increasing the sea level by 0.6, 0.9, and 1.22 m. Results of the simulations shows increase of groundwater heads in some areas from 4 to 15%; whereas the average relative chloride concentrations increased significantly by 100-600% in some wells. The increase in groundwater elevations and chloride concentrations varies from location of the wells and its proximity to the coast. The model results indicate that even a 0.6 m increase in sea level (which is the conservative estimate) is likely to impair the vital freshwater resources in many parts of South Florida.     

新型活性污泥的培养及其处理高盐有机废水

在好氧反应器中,将海泥通过海水和营养物质培养成新型的活性污泥,在处理含盐废水时有较好的活性和沉降性能,对这种新型的活性污泥我们称其为海洋活性污泥。通过10周的培养,海泥的污泥体积指数（SVI）从最初的19 mL/g升高到70 mL/g,对有机废水处理12 h后高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）降解率达到90%,氨氮降解率达到45%。在污泥培养时,营养物质投加频率为一日一次最有利于污泥的培养,又葡萄糖比淀粉更有利于污泥的培养。对于含盐有机废水的处理,海洋活性污泥也比传统活性污泥有优势,甚至对于含盐量6%的高盐有机废水,处理12 h后能达到CODMn降解率达为70%,氨氮降解率达到30%。当NaCl浓度高于6%,海洋活性污泥仍具有一定的活性,但仍能观察到明显的抑制作用。此外,海洋活性污泥具有比传统活性污泥更强的盐度变化抗性,甚至在低盐度下盐浓度变化时,海洋活性污泥的氨氮降解稳定性也优于传统活性污泥。     

广东沿海地区海平面上升影响综合评估

从系统的角度出发,建立了海平面灾害综合评估因子指标体系,引入了抗灾能力指数的概念,提出了一个综合评估模型,并以广东省沿海地区为例进行了海平面上升影响综合评估,结果表明,由于模型中考虑了抗灾能力指数,变被支评估为主动评估,使海岸灾害风险等级的评估结果更符合实际,评估结构可用于指导宏观抗灾,救灾,减灾等活动,该模型已用于广东海平面的地理信息系统（光盘）。     

围海造地生态补偿机制探析

为缓解人地矛盾,维持社会经济发展,围海造地已成了许多沿海区域扩增建设用地的首选.但围海造地工程在带来巨大利益的同时,也给海洋生态坏境带来了一系列的负面影响,造成了新的不平衡.本文在围海造地环境影响分析及其生态补偿问题研究的基础上,从环境法的视角出发,对中国围海造地生态补偿制度的构建提出建议,最终达到使中国围海造地生态补偿制度的总体法律体系框架及具体的制度内容得以较为全面的完善与健全的目的.     

胶州湾综合监测与评价工作研究

为全面掌握环胶州湾区域生态环境状况,更好地服务于环胶州湾区域经济发展和生态环境保护,根据《近岸海域环境监测规范》(HJ 442-2008),青岛市环境监测中心站对环胶州湾区域进行了综合监测与评价,建立了环胶州湾区域陆海统筹监测评价体系,完善了胶州湾水质监测网络,摸清了环胶州湾区域直排海污染源状况及环胶州湾区域土地利用状况。针对综合监测与评价过程中存在的胶州湾污染源的排放状况掌握不全面、河流入海通量的测算不准确、环境质量的变化趋势预测不能实现的问题,提出了加强入海河流监测、实行陆源污染物总量控制管理、建立自动监测站等对策建议。