厦门市填海造地的遥感PCA识别及其驱动机制研究

基于遥感主成分分析(PCA),论文提出一种快速、准确及经济地识别填海造地时空分布的新方法。并以厦门市港湾地区为例,将1993与1996年,1996与1998年,1998与2001年,2001与2003年、2003与2006年共6期遥感影像融合后经PCA分析得出5个时间段内填海造地的空间分布信息,并结合相应阶段的城市发展战略进行分析。选取工业总产值、人口、港口货物吞吐量等统计数据作为填海造地行为的社会经济驱动因子进行回归分析,得出政策导向、工业的快速发展以及人口的增加等是厦门港湾地区填海造地的主要驱动因素。最后提出基于驱动机制和未来情景分析的港湾地区填海造地优化调控的政策建议。     

Evaluation of marine outfall with three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality modeling

Numerical models are often used to evaluate the potential impact of human alternation of natural water bodies and to help the design of the alternation to mitigate its impacts. In the past decade, three-dimensional hydrodynamic and reactive transport modeling has matured from a research subject to a practical analysis technology. This paper presents a practical study in which a three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model [hydrodynamic eutrophication model (HEM-3D)] was applied to determine the optimal location for treated wastewater discharged from marine outfall system in the Keelung harbor and the adjacent coastal sea. First, model validation was conducted with respect to surface elevation, current, and water quality variables measured in the Keelung harbor station and its coastal sea. The overall performance of the model was in qualitative agreement with the available field data. The model was then used to evaluate several scenarios of the locations from marine outfall system. Based on model simulation results, a location at the northeast of Ho-Ping Island was recommended for adoption because the environmental impact is smaller than any other alternative.

Seaweed sex pheromones and their degradation products frequently suppress amphipod feeding but rarely suppress sea urchin feeding

Summary. A diverse group of brown seaweeds produce bouquets of C₁₁ metabolites, some of which act as pheromones that cue gamete release or attract sperm to eggs following release. We demonstrate that these C₁₁ metabolites and their degradation products also frequently and strongly deter feeding by the herbivorous amphipod Ampithoe longimana, but rarely by the herbivorous sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. Across the range of concentrations tested, seven of twelve C₁₁ metabolites or mixtures that we tested deterred feeding by the amphipod, but only two of eleven deterred the sea urchin. For those compounds where we could rigorously contrast the magnitude of deterrence against the amphipod with the magnitude of deterrence against the urchin, the amphipod was deterred significantly more than the urchin by five of six metabolites. Thus, C₁₁ compounds were more frequently and more strongly deterrent to the amphipod than to the sea urchin. These findings for C₁₁ metabolites conflict with previous investigations, where other classes of seaweed chemical defenses have been shown to deter feeding by large mobile herbivores like urchins and fishes but to be relatively ineffective against mesograzers, especially the species of amphipod that we used here. Our results suggest that C₁₁ metabolites are unusual among the known seaweed chemical defenses in that they are especially effective against mesograzers, which often consume seaweed spores, zygotes, and juveniles. The high concentrations of C₁₁ metabolites in brown algal eggs could allow these defenses to be especially important in defending gametes, zygotes, or young sporelings from herbivorous mesograzers. Received 26 February 1998; accepted 9 April 1998.     

海水中二甲基硫测定方法的研究

二甲基硫（ＤＭＳ）是雨水天然酸性的贡献者和影响气候变化的重要痕量气体，本文海水中ＤＭＳ测定方法，即采用冷却预浓缩技术处理海水样品，用带有火焰光度检测器气相色谱仪分析，此方法的精密度为１２％，准确度为１０％，对１００ｍｌ海水样品最小检测量为０．０５４ｎｇ（ＤＭＳ）。同时对色谱柱的选取，实验材料的选择，浓缩柱填充材料的选择，鼓气效率，干燥管，样品解析，样品保存等有关实验步骤进行了讨论。     

2010年渤海海冰灾害特征分析

2010年中国遭遇到近30年来最严重的海冰冰情,因灾直接经济损失高达63.18亿元,占全年海洋灾害总经济损失的47.6%——海冰成为中国2010年海洋灾害中的主要灾种之一。基于区域灾害系统论,运用气象数据、MODIS图像和社会经济统计等资料,对2010年渤海海冰灾害的特征进行了初步分析。结果显示,以莱州湾结冰范围扩大为代表的渤海海冰分布变化是致灾因子区域危险性增大的主要特征,环渤海地区海水养殖面积和产量的增加是承灾体暴露性增大的主要特征,而总体灾情严重则是二者的综合结果。     

浅谈秦皇岛近海海域生态环境保护措施

为了使海域的生态良性循环和海洋资源的可持续发展,本文根据秦皇岛近海海域生态 环境存在的严重问题,从多方面,不同角度,对该海域的生态保护提出了切实可行的保护措施。     

基于利益相关者分析海洋生态旅游发展研究

发展海洋生态旅游主要涉及管理者、开发经营者、社区居民和旅游者四类利益相关者。通过对各利益相关者的职能、利益诉求和相关者之间主要矛盾的分析,指出发展海洋生态旅游必须统筹兼顾,追求利益相关者整体利益最大化,并从发挥管理者职能、加强社区参与、借助社会力量和产权改革四个层面提出了具体策略。     

水上溢油环境风险源确定研究

依据泄漏进水域的最大油品量、水域环境敏感性等两个主要因素,研究确定了江苏油田水上(临水)设施环境风险源等级,并针对不同的风险源阐述了降低风险等级的技术方法和预防措施,为加强江苏油田环境风险防患、提高应急处理能力提供了依据。     

电子装备南海环境适应性改进设计研究

南海地区环境条件非常严酷,某雷达电子装备服役于我国南海某海岛,在保持主要战技指标不变的前提下,针对南海地区高温高湿高盐雾的环境特点重新对雷达进行了环境适应性改进设计研究,在总体、电讯、结构、工艺和军方等的有效协调配合下,其改进设计得到了有效实施,通过试验验证在南海几年来的使用运行,历经高湿热、强盐雾的影响,防护设计效果满足预期设计要求。     

填海造地生态损害评估:理论、方法及应用研究

论文建立了一系列生态-经济模型,用于评估填海造地生态损害的价值以及被填海域作为生产要素的价值。用所建立的模型对厦门填海造地进行经验估算,得出在厦门每m²填海造地生态损害的价值为279元,远远高于现行的填海造地海域使用金征收标准。加上海域作为生产要素的价值,厦门工业用填海造地海域使用金征收标准应该为327.82元/m²,商业用填海造地的海域使用金征收标准应该为相邻土地价格的50%～55%。研究结果可以为制定填海造地规划和控制填海造地的经济手段提供强有力的科技支撑。