再生铅冶炼行业典型工艺的铅污染物质流分析

将物质流分析应用于我国再生铅冶炼行业典型工艺(铅膏炼前预脱硫—还原熔炼—精炼)的铅污染研究,构建了再生铅冶炼过程的铅元素流图,并针对铅污染提出了应对措施。研究结果表明:再生铅典型工艺的铅直收率、铅回收率、铅废物循环利用率分别为85.38%,93.96%,97.57%;应重点监控的铅有组织排放依次为外排烟气、熔炼渣、脱硫石膏渣;针对外排烟气中铅烟尘的PM2.5占比高及铅烟尘活性较高易于释放的特点,应选用高效除尘器,进一步提高细烟尘的捕集率;铅无名损失的重点工序依次为熔炼工序、电解精炼工序、合金熔铸工序;冶炼烟尘返回熔炼炉时,应增加制粒工序,以降低熔炼炉的烟尘率。     

松嫩平原盐碱土水分扩散率研究

对盐碱地土壤水盐运动的定量描述是控制区域土壤次生盐碱化的基础,其中的土壤水分扩散率是研究土壤水盐运动的重要参数之一。文章通过非稳定流水平土柱法对实验区扰动的盐碱地土壤水分扩散率进行了测定,并将实验结果拟合为经验公式,然后将测定的土壤水分扩散率应用于水平入渗方程,用数值计算软件Mathcad6.0对土柱水分水平入渗进行了数值模拟,将实测结果和方程模拟的土壤水分分布状况进行了对比。结果表明本研究得出的土壤水分扩散率的经验方程误差较小。最后讨论了影响土壤水分扩散的土壤质地因素及土壤水分扩散率和含水率之间的单值函数关系。     

森林火灾气象环境要素和重大林火研究

利用1970～1994年25年间的森林火灾资料,分析研究了湖北省神农架林区森林火灾的火源,火环境条件,林火发生、发展、蔓延和熄灭过程的天气气候特征及重大林火燃烧期的某些要素特征,对指导森林防火灭火具有现实意义.     

Seaweed secondary metabolites as antifoulants: effects of Dictyota spp. diterpenes on survivorship, settlement, and development of marine invertebrate larvae

Summary. A recent investigation showed that the brown seaweed Dictyota menstrualis was unfouled relative to co-occurring seaweeds, and that larvae of fouling invertebrates avoided settling on D. menstrualis due to chemicals on its surface. The secondary metabolites dictyol E and pachydictyol A are among the compounds found on this alga's surface. In the present study, we tested the effects of specific diterpenes from Dictyota on the survivorship, growth, and development of invertebrate larvae and developing juveniles that could foul seaweeds. Exposure to dictyol E, dictyol B acetate, pachydictyol A, and dictyodial from Dictyota menstrualis and D. ciliolata caused significant larval mortality, abnormal development, and reduce growth rates for three species of co-occurring invertebrates when their larvae were forced into contact with these metabolites. Larvae were damaged at metabolite concentrations as low as 5% of maximum possible surface concentrations of these compounds for the populations of Dictyota we studied. The negative effects of these secondary metabolites on potential foulers, in conjunction with data demonstrating larval avoidance of dictyol-covered surfaces, suggest that these compounds could function as chemical defenses against fouling, and could select for larvae that avoid hosts producing these metabolites. Received 25 May 1998; accepted 22 June 1998.     

模拟酸雨对峨眉山冷杉林土壤特性的研究

本文采用模拟酸雨方法,考察了峨眉山不同区域冷杉生长正常区和受害区的土壤样品,在酸沉降影响下,土壤特性所发生的改变,测定了土壤酸碱度及主要元素含量。同时以未受到酸沉降侵蚀的贡嗄山土样作为对照点,探讨由酸沉降所造成的土壤酸化,进而引起土壤特性改变与冷杉生长间的关系。     

溧阳地区森林景观的生态系统多样性研究

根据历史数据计算了溧阳地区森林景观变化过程中的生态系统多样性指数值,分析了其发展趋势,并结合其他相关资料分析区域森林生态系统多样性的变化,及其与森林经营的经济效果间的关系。     

广东和海南红树林的生物地球化学特征

本文研究了广东和海南红树林的土壤,植物叶子和死地被物的化学成分以及它们之间的相互关系,并与相同地区的一些植物群落进行比较,从而探讨红树林的生物地球化学特征。结果表明,红树林的土壤和植物的某些化学成分含量较高,尤其是Na和Ca的含量较为突出。另外,虽然海岸带海水的pH＞8,土壤都呈酸性。红树林的养分利用率只有N较高,其余大多数元素都较低。红树林的生物吸收率和生物归还率通常也较低,但其大多数元素的生物分解率则较高。     

广州罗岗村边次生常绿阔叶林群落分析

根据广州罗岗村这次生常绿阔叶林的调查结果,分析了该群落的组成结构特征在1200m2的样地里有维管束植物引种,隶属于40科65属其区系特点具有从热带向亚热带过渡的性质该群落分为乔木层（3亚层）、灌木层及草本层等层次乔、灌层种类较多,主要以往粟（Caastanopsischinensis）、黄桐（Endospermumchinense）和黄果厚壳桂（CryptocargaconcinnaHance）等种类组成,草本展种类少．本群落以中、小高位芽植物占优势,缺乏大高位芽、隐芽和一年生植物叶型以中型叶为主群落的大部分优势种的种群分布格局是随机分布的优势种群的立木结构分析表明,本群落处于进展演替它与30a前比较有较大的变化乔木层原优势种黄桐、猴耳环（Pithecellobiumclyperia）、亮叶肉实（Sarcospermalaurinum）等被锥粟、刺栲（Castanopsishystrix）等替代．草本层原以禾本科植物为主,现已发展为原生性较强的龙船花（Ixorachinensis）、九节（Psychotriarubra）等种类     

农田生态系统四川短尾鼩种群能量动态的研究

用标志重捕法对四川短尾鼩种群数量及能量动态研究.结果表明：种群数量在每年6月和10月有两个高峰;四川短尾鼩的只采食量为4．212±0．86g／d,排泄量为2．18±0．12g／d身体器官热值为15．50kJ／g．食物热值为16．51kJ／g．生物量为214．38±59．96g／hm2,静止代谢率r（RMR）为22．909kJ／d,通过种群的能量为50．74kJ／d,次级生产量为169．25kJ／ha·d,生长效率（P／A）为0．097,本文用Odum的能路语言（energycircuitlanguape）,对四川短尾在生态系统中的能量地位进行了定位.     

An integrated assessment modeling framework for assessing primary and secondary impacts from carbon dioxide stabilization scenarios

As the nations of the world negotiate future controls on greenhouse gas emissions, a critical environmental policy issue becomes understanding the multiple environmental consequences of these controls. Here we describe an integrated assessment model for quantifying multiple environmental impacts of large-scale environmental initiatives and apply this model to climate change mitigation. Our analysis shows that reductions in global warming will be accompanied by reductions in ozone depletion, acid rain and mercury emissions, and desulfurization waste generation. We also conclude that the largest collateral benefits from reducing global climate change may be in the developing world. This result is critical since it is the developing nations who ultimately control the long-term success of any climate stabilization strategy. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.