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Analysis of driver injury severity levels at multiple locations using ordered probit models 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Abdel-Aty M 《Journal of Safety Research》2003,34(5):597-603
Problem: The occurrence and outcome of traffic crashes have long been recognized as complex events involving interactions between many factors, including the roadway, driver, traffic characteristics, and the environment. This study is concerned with the outcome of the crash. Method: Driver injury severity levels are analyzed using the ordered probit modeling methodology. Models were developed for roadway sections, signalized intersections, and toll plazas in Central Florida. All models showed the significance of driver's age, gender, seat belt use, point of impact, speed, and vehicle type on the injury severity level. Other variables were found significant only in specific cases. Results: A driver's violation was significant in the case of signalized intersections. Alcohol, lighting conditions, and the existence of a horizontal curve affected the likelihood of injuries in the roadway sections' model. A variable specific to toll plazas, vehicles equipped with Electronic Toll Collection (ETC), had a positive effect on the probability of higher injury severity at toll plazas. Other variables that entered into some of the models were weather condition, area type, and some interaction factors. This study illustrates the similarities and the differences in the factors that affect injury severity between different locations. 相似文献
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长江江苏段主干断面污染物健康风险评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为掌握长江水环境中污染物的健康风险,选取长江江苏段5个主干断面,对其水环境中主要有机物、重金属及非金属元素硼进行了监测。利用水环境健康风险评价模型评价主干断面和污染物的健康风险,结果表明:在所评价的断面中,栖霞江段断面污染较严重,健康危害的风险相对较大,其次为姚港河口,这2个断面入江支流的污染贡献不容忽视。水中54种有机污染物、7种重金属和元素硼由饮水途径所致健康危害的个人年风险为130×10-14~253×10-6/a,风险较大的(>10×10-9)有苯并[a]芘、镉、铬、钒和PCB52。污染物对健康危害的年总风险仅为255×10-6/a,远低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值(50×10-5/a )。总体来看,长江江苏段主干断面水体中62种污染物污染所致的健康危害年风险度目前还处于很低水平,但风险较大的污染物的环境来源及相应的污染控制应引起管理部门的重视。研究结果可为长江沿线河流污染的有效控制,实现科学的水环境健康风险管理提供依据. 相似文献
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冰雪表面HNO3的紫外光解机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用308 nm激光与cavity ring-down spectroscopy技术对HNO3的气相与冰表面光解进行了研究,考察了其光解量子产额与吸收系数,结果表明,.OH+NO2*是其光解反应的主要通道;HNO3在253 K、308 nm冰表面的吸收系数为(1.21±0.31)×10-18cm2.molecule-1,比其在气相的吸收系数(1.24±0.19)×10-21 cm.2molecule-1(295 K)及(8.50±0.24)×10-22cm.2molecule-1(253 K)均高约3个数量级;HNO3在253K冰表面光解产生NO2*的量子产额为0.60±0.34. 相似文献
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三峡大坝蓄水以来,库区50%一级支流水华频发,且不同支流水华高发断面的地理位置不同,受干流影响程度存在差异.为探讨水华暴发的河段差异,及其与长江回水的关系,以库区一级支流澎溪河为例,在2019年春季水华季,进行了间隔期一周、总时长一个月的采样,从河口至上游设置7个采样断面(PX1~PX7),根据各断面的垂向水温和电导率特征推断长江回水的影响范围和形式;并通过对水华高发的高阳平湖断面(PX5)和分别距其4 km的上游断面(PX6)和下游断面(PX4)的水文、水质和底泥营养盐等指标,探究断面间水华暴发程度的差异及其机制.结果表明,水华季澎溪河下游(PX1~PX4)的ρ(Chl-a)较低,为14.55~44.00μg·L-1,上游(PX5~PX7)则达到42.66~175.40μg·L-1,其中PX5的ρ(Chl-a)最高时达413.00μg·L-1,显著高于其余位点(P<0.05).温度和电导率结果显示,4~5月长江干流回水从中下层潜入澎溪河,下游(PX1~PX4)处于长江干流回水与澎溪河上游来水的交汇区域,水体不稳定... 相似文献