Historical record of effects of human activities on absolute and relative concentrations of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Lake Chao, China

正Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are attracting concern because of their potential toxicity,posing serious threats to health of humans and ecosystems(Kim et al.,2013;Zhao et al.,2016).Generally,similar to other contaminants'behaviors(Wu et al.,2001;Zhang et al.,2007,2008;Lu et al.,2009),PAHs result from natural organic matter and activities of humans,the latter's contribution usually outweighing the inputs from other sources(Fernández et al.,2000;Srogi,2007).     

活化过硫酸盐高级氧化技术的研究进展及工程应用

过硫酸盐具有强氧化性、易溶于水、较稳定、易运输等特点,活化后的过硫酸盐可以产生具有强氧化性的SO-4·,适用于氧化降解各种有机污染物,在污染土壤修复、地下水修复处理等环境污染修复治理领域具有广阔的应用前景。分析了光、热、过渡金属离子、强碱以及强氧化剂等不同条件下活化过硫酸盐的国内外研究进展,并就活化方式的选择与有机物结构特点之间的关系进行探讨,对其在土壤污染修复治理领域的应用进行了展望。     

Tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the rat

A tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism study was conducted using a relatively non-toxic dioxin congener, i.e., 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1278-TCDD), to gain a better understanding of mammalian metabolism of dioxins. Conventional, bile duct cannulated, and germ free male rats were administered mg/kg quantities as a single oral dose. Elimination of 1278-TCDD was largely complete by 72 h. Distribution of [¹⁴C]1278-TCDD was low in all tissues examined. Metabolites were identified in urine, bile, and feces by negative ion FAB-MS and ¹H-NMR, or GC/MS. The major fecal metabolite was a NIH-shifted hydroxylated TCDD. The bile contained a glucuronide conjugate of this hydroxy TCDD, and a diglucuronide conjugate of a dihydroxy-triCDD. The major metabolites in urine were glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of 4,5-dichlorocatechol.     

TiO_2太阳能光催化降解有机污染物的研究进展

以太阳能为激发光源的 Ti O2 光催化氧化技术是一项极具运用前景的绿色环保技术。简要介绍了 Ti O2 光催化氧化的原理、催化剂 Ti O2 的制备研究、Ti O2 太阳能反应器的研制以及该项技术在有机污染物降解中的应用     

Mixed surfactant washing of petroleum contaminants from the soils and sediments in the unsaturated zone

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Potential and Limitations of Microbial Reductive Dechlorination for Bioremediation Applications

Current knowledge and recent advances in the area of microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated organic compounds are summarized. Factors which may limit the efficacy of the dechlorination process for the in situ bioremediation of contaminated soil and sediment systems are identified. Results of recent studies on the anaerobic biotransformation of soil-sorbed chlorinated ethenes and sediment-sorbed chlorinated benzenes are provided to illustrate how low contaminant bioavailability may control the rate and extent of dechlorination in subsurface systems, especially those with long-term contamination. Use of nonionic, polysorbate surfactants as the sole electron donors of a mixed, methanogenic culture supported the microbial sequential reductive dechlorination of either free or sediment-bound hexachlorobenzene (HCB) to primarily 1,3-dichlorobenzene, but did not enhance the bioavailability of sediment-bound HCB as compared to microcosms, which used glucose. Because current knowledge on the interactions of dechlorinating populations with other microbial populations in the presence of alternative terminal electron acceptors (e.g., nitrate, Fe³⁺ , Mn⁴⁺) is limited, such interactions and their effect on the dechlorination process in subsurface systems need to be further explored to improve our understanding of the reductive dechlorination process in complex environmental systems and lead to the development of more efficient in situ bioremediation technologies and strategies.     

吹扫捕集-GC/MS法检测饮用水中十三种常见挥发性有机物

建立了吹扫捕集-GC/MS法检测饮用水中十三种常见挥发性有机物的方法。最低检出限在0.041~1.08μg/L之间,加标回收率在80%~120%,具有较高的灵敏度和较广的分析范围。该分析方法准确、快速,能实现一针进样同时检测13种物质,缩短了分析周期,并应用该方法对城市水样进行了实测分析。     

On the origin of elevated levels of persistent chemicals in the environment

In general, contamination levels tend to be highest close to sources of a chemical and decline with increasing distance as a result of dilution, dispersion and degradation. However, contrary to this, circumstances have been described when contamination levels are higher further away from sources than at the sources themselves. Examples are elevated levels of persistent, hydrophobic, organic chemicals in the Arctic, in mountain regions and in forest soils. In order to address the questions of why and when such an inversion of environmental levels is occurring, this paper seeks to identify, name and categorise principles of general validity leading to such behaviour. By compiling and analysing various causes of elevated contamination levels in the environment, three main categories became apparent, 1. equilibrium partitioning effects, 2. effects resulting from changes in phase composition, volume or temperature, and 3. dynamic or kinetic effects. These principles are illustrated with several examples. The case can be made that understanding, quantifying and predicting these causes could provide a general conceptual framework for studying the fate of chemicals in the environment.     

零价铁降解氯代有机污染物的QSPR研究

利用密度泛函理论B3IYP/6-31G(d)水平计算氯代有机污染物绝热电子亲合能(EAad)、垂直电子亲合能(EAvert)及C-Cl键键离解能(BDE),据此研究零价铁对该类化合物脱氯降解的定量结构-性质关系(QSPR).结果表明,描述符EAad和BDE所建QSPR模型效果均较好,同时EAad可以很好地体现还原过程,BDE则对于降解途径预测具有较大价值.     

β-环糊精包埋纳米零价铁对Cd~(2+)的去除性能研究

为提高纳米Fe0的稳定性,以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,以β-环糊精为原料对纳米Fe0进行包埋。考察了碱度、交联剂用量对聚合物交联度的影响,对比研究了30%、40%Na OH介质对包埋纳米Fe0去除Cd2+反应活性的影响。利用SEM、TGA对包埋材料的表面形态及热稳定性进行了分析。实验结果表明:40%Na OH介质中交联包埋的纳米Fe0具有更高的反应活性;当Cd2+浓度为100 mg/L时,投加包埋材料3.0 g,反应150 min,Cd2+去除率可达98.9%;于空气中放置1个月,其对Cd2+去除率仍可达90.5%。