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171.
我国新兴污染物环境风险评价与控制研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
目前环境化学研究热点逐渐从传统污染物转向新兴污染物,如持久性有机污染物(POPs)、环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs)、药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)等.环境中痕量新兴污染物往往会造成较高的危害和风险,日益引起广泛关注.应对新兴污染物环境问题,首先要了解其环境风险,然后进行风险控制和防范.我国新兴污染物的研究正在逐渐兴起.近年来,研究人员在我国新兴污染物环境风险评价和控制方面积极开展工作,本文综述我国这方面的研究进展,以期为进一步开展其风险防范研究提供参考. 相似文献
172.
Surface sediment samples from four downstream sites of Tan‐Sui River in Taipei metropolitan area were collected from 1997 to 1999. The semivolatile organic pollutants present in the sediments were screened by GC/MSD. Several target compounds including sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), seven chlorobenzenes, two phthalates and the total amount of C8‐C32 aliphatic hydrocarbons were quantified. The concentration of the 16 PAHs ranges from 0.21 to 5.69 μg/g of which fluoranthene, pyrene and phenanthrene were the highest. The concentration of the total chlorobenzenes ranged from 0.04 to 5.85 μg/g. The concentration of bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate ranges from 3.8 to 35.3 μg/g and that of the total C8‐C32 aliphatic hydrocarbons ranges from 0.94 to 10.6 μg/g. Some of these values are higher than similar sediment survey in Japan in the eighties. The concentration of bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate is much higher than the no‐effect level (0.184 μg/g) set by McDonald. Some of the PAHs have already reached the level of biological effects. As compared with the sediment samples collected from Tou‐Chien River and Pu‐Ze River located at the west of Taiwan, the chlorobenzene concentrations of sediments in Tan‐Sui River are 5–6 times higher, the PAHs are 6–10 times higher and the phthalates are 11–20 times higher. Nonylphenol was also commonly found in the Tan‐Sui River sediment. There is a decreasing tendency of PAHs and phthalates concentration from surface to bottom for the core sample at Taipei Bridge site. Such tendency is less obvious for chlorobenzenes. 相似文献
173.
Steven F. Thornton Mildred I. Bright David N. Lerner John H. Tellam 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2000,43(3-4)
The sorption and degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and 13 organic micropollutants (BTEX, aromatic hydrocarbons, chloro-aromatic and -aliphatic compounds, and pesticides) in acetogenic and methanogenic landfill leachate was studied in laboratory columns containing Triassic sandstone aquifer materials from the English Midlands. Solute sorption and degradation relationships were evaluated using a simple transport model. Relative to predictions, micropollutant sorption was decreased up to eightfold in acetogenic leachate, but increased up to sixfold in methanogenic leachate. This behaviour reflects a combination of interactions between the micropollutants, leachate DOM and aquifer mineral fraction. Sorption of DOM was not significant. Degradation of organic fractions occurred under Mn-reducing and SO4-reducing conditions. Degradation of some micropollutants occurred exclusively under Mn-reducing conditions. DOM and benzene were not significantly degraded under the conditions and time span (up to 280 days) of the experiments. Most micropollutants were degraded immediately or after a lag phase (32–115 days). Micropollutant degradation rates varied considerably (half-lives of 8 to >2000 days) for the same compounds (e.g., TeCE) in different experiments, and for compounds (e.g., naphthalene, DCB and TeCA) within the same experiment. Degradation of many micropollutants was both simultaneous and sequential, and inhibited by the utilisation of different substrates. This mechanism, in combination with lag phases, controls micropollutant degradation potential in these systems more than the degradation rate. These aquifer materials have a potentially large capacity for in situ bioremediation of organic pollutants in landfill leachate and significant degradation may occur in the Mn-reducing zones of leachate plumes. However, degradation of organic pollutants in acetogenic leachate may be limited in aquifers with low pH buffering capacity and reducible Mn oxides. Contaminants in this leachate present a greater risk to groundwater resources in these aquifers than methanogenic leachate. 相似文献
174.
Marko Zupan Jürgen W. Einax Jörg Kraft Franc Lobnik Vida Hudnik 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2000,7(2):89-96
Geostatistical and multivariate methods of data analysis are used to describe patterns of soil pollution with inorganic contaminants
in Celje County, Slovenia. Groups of contaminants and polluted sites were identified using cluster analysis and confirmed
with multidimensional variance and discriminant analysis. Factor analysis yields an identification of not directly observable
relationships between the contaminants. The spatial structure and distribution of contaminants were assessed by applying semivariogram
analysis and kriging interpolation method. Zinc, Cd and Cu were identified as a pollutant emitted from the zinc smelter, Pb
also from other sources, and Cr and Ni mostly from geological parent material. 相似文献
175.
非平衡态等离子体技术在环境保护领域的应用 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
非平衡态等离子体的特点在于通过放电产生的电子温度远远高于系统中其他重粒子的温度。根据这一特点研究了非平衡态等离子体对环境污染物的处理技术;分析了非平衡态等离子与环境污染物的作用过程及其机理;最后探讨了该技术在环境保护领域的应用前景及其存在的问题。 相似文献
176.
177.
A study was carried out in Pettavaithalai area to evaluate the current status of physico-chemical contaminants and their sources in groundwater. Groundwater samples collected from pettavaithalai area in 15 different stations were analyzed every alternative months over a period of two years from August 2000 to June 2002. A sugar mill is situated at the heart of the study area. Three profiles (profile A, B and C) were selected based on the direction in which the sugar mill effluent flows. In each profile five samples were collected from five different station at a regular distance of about 1 Km. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, EC TDS, TH, NO3, SO4, PO4, Na, K, Ca, Mg, DO, BOD and COD have been analyzed. The results showed that among the three profiles, many of the estimated physico-chemical parameters of profile C were very high when compared to profile B and A which indicates the poor quality of the groundwater around this area. 相似文献
178.
在实验室及中试条件下研究了臭氧-活性炭技术对石油微污染地下水的处理效果。通过石油类和高锰酸盐指数两个指标,考察了臭氧投加量、pH值、过滤速率等操作参数对污染物的去除效果。结果表明:臭氧投加量和活性炭过滤速率是最主要的影响因素,pH值对处理效果影响不显著。中试条件下适宜的臭氧投加量应为8mg/L左右,最佳过滤速率在10m/h附近。采用臭氧氧化与活性炭过滤组合工艺,当进水石油类浓度在1.5mg/L以下时,出水石油类低于0.3mg/L,高锰酸盐指数低于3.0mg/L。 相似文献
179.
随着中国社会经济水平的加速发展,近年来各类突发性场地污染事故频发,如何有效地在第一时间对污染物进行应急控制及场地修复显得尤为重要.以突发性场地污染为研究对象,探讨了土壤及地下水中污染物的应急控制及场地修复技术的研究状况,给出了各项应急控制技术在突发性场地污染事故中适用的目标污染物及土壤类型,以便在实际运用中根据场地的污染类型和土壤性质快速做出响应.最后还指出,应急控制技术作为一种暂时性处理手段,可在场地污染事故发生后对污染物扩散进行快速控制,但不可作为一种长期处置措施. 相似文献
180.
Hanzel J Thullner M Harms H Wick LY 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(4):858-864
Limited information exists on influences of the diffusive transport of volatile organic contaminants (VOC) on bacterial activity in the unsaturated zone of the terrestrial subsurface. Diffusion of VOC in the vapor-phase is much more efficient than in water and results in effective VOC transport and high bioavailability despite restricted mobility of bacteria in the vadose zone. Since many bacteria tend to accumulate at solid-water, solid-air and air-water interfaces, such phase boundaries are of a special interest for VOC-biodegradation. In an attempt to evaluate microbial activity toward air-borne substrates, this study investigated the spatio-temporal interplay between growth of Pseudomonas putida (NAH7) on vapor-phase naphthalene (NAPH) and its repercussion on vapor-phase NAPH concentrations. Our data demonstrate that growth rates of strain PpG7 were inversely correlated to the distance from the source of vapor-phase NAPH. Despite the high gas phase diffusivity of NAPH, microbial growth was absent at distances above 5 cm from the source when sufficient biomass was located in between. This indicates a high efficiency of suspended bacteria to acquire vapor-phase compounds and influence headspace concentration gradients at the centimeter-scale. It further suggests a crucial role of microorganisms as biofilters for gas-phase VOC emanating from contaminated groundwater or soil. 相似文献