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201.
Yuanting LI Dawei LI Wei SONG Meng LI Jie ZOU Yitao LONG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(6):831-838
A disposable biosensor was fabricated using single-walled carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles and tyrosinase (SWCNTs-AuNPs-Tyr) modified screen-printed electrodes. The prepared biosensor was applied to the rapid determination of phenolic contaminants within 15 minutes. The SWCNTs-AuNPs-Tyr bionanocomposite sensing layer was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry methods. The characterization results revealed that SWCNTs could lead to a high loading of tyrosinase (Tyr) with the large surface area and the porous morphology, while AuNPs could retain the bioactivity of Tyr and enhance the sensitivity. The detection conditions, including working potential, pH of supporting electrolyte and the amount of Tyr were optimumed. As an example, the biosensor for catechol determination displayed a linear range of 8.0 × 10-8 to 2.0 × 10-5 mol·L-1 with a detection limit of 4.5 × 10-8 mol·L-1 (S/N = 3). This method has a rapid response time within 10 s, and shows excellent repeatability and stability. Moreover, the resulting biosensor could be disposable, low-cost, reliable and easy to carry. This kind of new Tyr biosensor provides great potential for rapid, on-site and cost-effective analysis of phenolic contaminants in environmental water samples. 相似文献
202.
203.
不同氧化还原环境对煤矸石污染物质释放的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为评价不同氧化还原环境对煤矸石污染物质释放的影响,设置处理1(充氧饱和的曝气去离子水,Eh=229mV)、处理2(煮沸30min的去离子水,Eh=250mV)两种氧化环境及处理3(添加富含有机质的过滤养殖废水,Eh=14mV)一种还原环境的水溶液做浸提剂,对煤矸石进行0~9d的连续振荡浸提试验.结果表明:在浸提初期(0~1d内),煤矸石表面已形成的氧化产物迅速溶出,使得两种氧化环境和还原环境下的煤矸石浸出液pH都迅速降低,EC、Eh及多种溶出离子浓度迅速升高,但还原环境下煤矸石浸出液中Cu、F-浓度变化不显著,且还原环境下浸出液中其他离子虽有上升但显著低于氧化环境下.随浸提时间延长(1~9d),两种氧化环境下煤矸石浸出液pH继续降低,浸出液中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn和SO2-4、F-多种污染物质溶出数量明显增加并呈现典型的持续氧化产酸过程;而还原环境下煤矸石浸出液的pH随时间延长降低不明显,Fe、Mn、Zn等污染物质溶出数量显著低于两种氧化环境下,Cu和SO2-4的释放也受到明显抑制.说明还原环境能有效抑制煤矸石氧化产酸及多种污染物质的溶出,且显著低于氧化环境.因此,在煤矸石堆场投加有机质形成还原(厌氧)环境可进行矸石污染的原位控制及治理. 相似文献
204.
白洋淀地区水中有机污染物的定性分析 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
本文通过液-液萃取,色-质谱联用技术,HP-5型石英毛细管对白洋淀地区三个有琐代表性的取样点水样进行了有机物定性分析,分离出几十种有机化合物,将化合物的种类,数量,相对大小进行比较,分析结果表明,白洋淀地区水样中,石油烃类及有毒有害有机物污染较严重,不同取样点中污染的浓度种类各不相同,水层较浅,人为搅动较大的地区水样中,有机物的种类及浓度表现明显增加,说明水体沉积物和陆地土壤中的颗粒对有机污染物有 相似文献
205.
Total extractable concentrations of AI, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg and organic carbon (Corg) were determined along four sediment cores from Lake Valencia. In one selected core, the percentage labile fractions were determined in order to establish anthropic enrichment factors, the depth reached by the contaminants and their mobilities. The distribution patterns of concentration versus depth reflect the original concentrations of the settling sediments. Only Mn seems to show diagenetic cycling. No enrichment of Fe and Mn occurs in the upper part of the cores, in spite of good water circulation and aeration of bottom lake waters during five months of the year. This immobility can be attributed to the high pH of water (7.6 – 8.9). Pb, Zn, Cu and Hg are enriched in the upper part of the cores, probably reflecting the input of contaminants. These elements show enrichment factors of up to 3.0. Background concentrations of the studied metals are reached below a depth of 30 cm. 相似文献
206.
Overthelastthreedecades,wastewatertreatmenttechnologieshavebeenimprovedgreatly ,but,meanwhile ,thesituationofwaterpollutionchangeswithtimesandpresentsaverycomplicatedtrendwiththerapidlydevelopingmodernindustriesandexpandedhumanactivities.Moreover,owingto… 相似文献
207.
208.
Jovandićević B Antić MP Solević TM Vrvić MM Kronimus A Schwarzbauer J 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(4):205-212
Background, Aims and Scope In oil spill investigations, one of the most important steps is a proper choice of approaches that imply an investigation
of samples taken from different sedimentary environments, samples of oil contaminants taken in different periods of time and
samples taken at different distances from the oil spill. In all these cases, conclusion on the influence of the environment,
microorganisms or migration on the oil contaminants' composition can be drawn from the comparison of chemical compositions
of the investigated contaminants. However, in case of water contaminants, it is very important to define which part of organic
matter has been analyzed. Namely, previous investigations showed that there were some differences in chemical composition
of the same oil contaminant depending on the intensity of its contact with ground water. The aim of this work is to define
more precisely the interactions between oil contaminant and water, i.e. the influence of the intensity of interaction between
the oil contaminant and water on its chemical composition. The study was based on a comparison of four fractionated extracts
of an oil pollutant, after they had been analyzed in details.
Methods Oil polluted surface water (wastewater canal, Pančevo, Serbia) was investigated. The study was based on a comparison of four
extracts of an oil contaminant: extract 1 (decanted part), and extracts 2, 3 and 4 (extracted by shaking for 1 minute, 5 minutes
and 24 hours, respectively). The fractionated extracts were saponified with a solution of KOH in methanol, and neutralized
with 10% hydrochloric acid. The products were dissolved in a mixture of dichloromethane and hexane, and individually fractionated
by column chromatography on alumina and silica gel (saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic, alcohol and fatty acid fractions). n-Alkanes
and isoprenoid aliphatic alkanes, polycyclic alkanes of sterane and triterpane types, alcohols and fatty acids were analyzed
using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). δ13CPDB values of individual n-alkanes in
the aliphatic fractions were determined using gas chromatography-isotope ratio monitoring-mass spectrometry (GC-irmMS).
Results and discussion. Extracts 1 and 2 are characterized by uniform distribution of n-alkanes, whereas extract 3 is characterized
by an even-numbered members dominating the odd-ones, and extract 4 showed a bimodal distribution. Extract 1 is characterized
by the least negative δ13CPDB values of C19-C26 n-alkanes. Sterane and triterpane analysis confirmed that all extracts originated
from the same oil contaminant. n-Fatty acids, C19-C24, in all extracts are very low, being somewhat higher in extract 4. Even-numbered
n-alcohols, C12–C16, were identified in the highest concentration in extract 3. It was assumed that algae were responsible
for the composition of extract 3. Furthermore, a possible reason for higher concentrations of C19–C26 n-alkanes and C19–C24
fatty acids in extract 4 is the formation of inclusion compounds with colloidal micelles formed between the oil contaminant's
NSO-compounds and water.
Conclusion It was undoubtedly confirmed that there were specific differences in the compositions of the different extracts depending
on the intensity of the interaction between the oil contaminant and the surface water.
Recommendation and Outlook. When comparing the composition of oil contaminants from different water samples (regardless of
the ultimate investigation goal) it is necessary to compare the extracts isolated under the same conditions, in other words,
extracts that were in the same or very similar interaction with water. 相似文献
209.
210.
研究了病死猪热解炭化物对水中Cu~(2+)的去除效果,并借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线光谱仪及傅里叶红外光谱仪等分析手段对病死猪热解得到的炭化物理化学性质进行了表征,分析了其微观结构及官能团.结果发现,病死猪热解炭化物内部具有大量孔状结构,表面出现了PO3-4等结构.最后,利用热解得到的炭化物对水中的Cu~(2+)进行处理研究,考察了初始p H值、反应温度、吸附时间等对水中Cu~(2+)去除效果的影响.结果表明,病死猪热解炭化物对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附效果较好,最佳初始p H值为5.0,温度的升高有利于热解炭化物对Cu~(2+)的去除.通过对实验数据进行动力学及吸附等温线分析,发现实验中使用的病死猪热解炭化物对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学数据符合准二级吸附动力学方程,Langmuir模型能较好地描述Cu~(2+)在猪热解炭化物上的吸附行为. 相似文献