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221.
Yuxin Lu Xiang Li Cagnetta Giovanni Bo Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(7):89
222.
地下水污染物对用水安全和人民健康造成了巨大的威胁.为开展地下水中高危害污染物筛选,改进了传统的危害评价方法,构建了涵盖毒理学优先指数法(Tox Pi),吸收、分布、代谢、排泄(ADME)性质评估法和二模网络分析法的污染物危害评估-筛选-表征综合体系,针对北京市地下水中非靶检测到的234种疏水性有机污染物(HOCs)开展危害评估和毒害污染物筛选.利用Tox Pi方法筛选出危害潜力排名前20的污染物,在此基础上耦合其ADME性质进一步识别出17种高优先级HOCs,并通过二模网络分析,系统表征了这17种高优先级HOCs作用的基因分子靶点,通过关联性和加权平均度分析最终得到10种高危害的HOCs,并揭示其毒作用类型多集中于内分泌干扰效应、致癌效应以及遗传毒性.研究结果可为我国区域地下水污染物的防治提供技术支撑. 相似文献
223.
Ziwen Du Chuyi Huang Jiaqi Meng Yaru Yuan Ze Yin Li Feng Yongze Liu Liqiu Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(3):43
224.
利用化工污染物能抑制荧光素酶催化发光反应这一特性,对水质中6种化工化合物分别进行毒性测试,建立一种快速检测水质中化工污染物毒性的生物学方法。实验结果表明,对苯二酚、4-氨基酚、苯胺、氯仿、盐酸邻联甲苯胺和硫柳汞的EC50值分别为:5.563、10.225、20.236、38.432、8.827和0.6 mg/L,6种污染物毒性大小依次为:硫柳汞>对苯二酚>盐酸邻联甲苯胺>4-氨基酚>苯胺>氯仿,相关系数>0.95。该方法为进一步研究基于荧光素酶反应体系检测水质中化工污染物综合毒性的生物传感器方法奠定基础。 相似文献
225.
226.
黄河水体石油类污染物生物降解模拟实验研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用模拟实验的方法研究了自然条件下石油类污染物的生物降解规律.结果表明,向泥沙含量为0g/L或0.5g/L的黄河水样中加入大约10mg/L的石油类污染物,经过一星期左右的驯化期后,石油降解菌菌落水平逐步升高;当石油类污染物的初始浓度为11.64mg/L,温度为20℃时,泥沙含量为0.5g/L的黄河水样中大约85%的石油类污染物在63d内能得到微生物降解;水体中泥沙的含量和石油类污染物的初始浓度均显著影响石油类污染物的生物降解速率,且在不同时段的影响不一;水体中泥沙的存在亦影响到石油类污染物的生物降解动力学. 相似文献
227.
Frederick Bloetscher Fernando Pleitez James Hart David Stambaugh Jon Cooper Karl Kennedy Lauren Sher Burack 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(2):324-333
The use of waters of impaired quality has been suggested as a means to expand available water resources supply for water‐limited communities. An ongoing concern is the safety of supplies that use wastewater because of the potential for introduction of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals into drinking water supplies. Prior research into contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) have included a variety of methods, but the only consistent removal is with reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, ultraviolet light (UV), and advanced oxidation processes (AOP). However, few of these prior studies have measurable quantities of these contaminants in the influent wastewater, so determining actual removal percentages is difficult. This project was designed to evaluate the removal of CECs to verify that a 3‐log removal of common constituents was realized. Spike testing was used to compare to prior research and to evaluate whether the project costs were competitive with other forms of reuse or other water supplies. The combination of RO/UV/AOP was effective at obtaining a 3‐log removal of CECs, but the RO and UV/AOP processes alone were not capable of removing all substances. However, despite the extensive treatment, the proposed process was both competitive cost‐wise and met the water quality goals. 相似文献
228.
研究了病死猪热解炭化物对水中Cu~(2+)的去除效果,并借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线光谱仪及傅里叶红外光谱仪等分析手段对病死猪热解得到的炭化物理化学性质进行了表征,分析了其微观结构及官能团.结果发现,病死猪热解炭化物内部具有大量孔状结构,表面出现了PO3-4等结构.最后,利用热解得到的炭化物对水中的Cu~(2+)进行处理研究,考察了初始p H值、反应温度、吸附时间等对水中Cu~(2+)去除效果的影响.结果表明,病死猪热解炭化物对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附效果较好,最佳初始p H值为5.0,温度的升高有利于热解炭化物对Cu~(2+)的去除.通过对实验数据进行动力学及吸附等温线分析,发现实验中使用的病死猪热解炭化物对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学数据符合准二级吸附动力学方程,Langmuir模型能较好地描述Cu~(2+)在猪热解炭化物上的吸附行为. 相似文献
229.
Afolabi Adisa Angelica Jimenez Cara Woodham Kevin Anthony Thao Nguyen 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):552-559
Twenty-eight different tea samples sold in the United States were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD) for their contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Many PAHs exhibit carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties and have been related to several kinds of cancer in man and experimental animals. The presence of PAHs in environmental samples such as water, sediments, and particulate air has been extensively studied, but food samples have received little attention. Eighteen PAHs congeners were analyzed, with percentage recovery higher than 85%. Contamination expressed as the sum of the 18 analyzed PAHs was between 101 and 1337 μg/kg on dry mass and the average contents in all of the 28 examined samples was 300 μg/kg on dry mass. Seven of the congeners were found in all samples with wide ranges of concentrations as follows: fluorene (7–48 μg/kg), anthracene (1–31 μg/kg), pyrene (1–970 μg/kg), benzo(a)anthracene (1–18 μg/kg) chrysene (17–365 μg/kg), benzo(a)pyrene (1–29 μg/kg), and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (4–119 μg/kg). The two most toxic congeners benzo(a)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene were found at high concentrations only in Earl Grey Twinnings, Earl Grey Harney& Sons Fine Teas, and Chai Ultra Spice Black Tea Twinnings. Six PAH congeners are considered as suspected carcinogens (U.S.EPA), formed the basis of the estimation of the toxic equivalent (TEQ), Chai Ultra-Spice Black Tea Twinnings had the highest TEQ (110.9) followed by two grey tea samples, Earl Grey Harney & Sons Fine Tea (57.7) and Earl Grey Twinnings (54.5). Decaffeinated grey teas had the lowest TEQs, decaffeinated Earl Grey Bigelow (9.4) and Green Tea Honey Lemon Decaffeinated Lipton (9.6). 相似文献
230.
José Gianottp Guillermo Stettler Ernesto Haggp Adriana Pajares Sonia G. Bertolotti Norman A. García 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):461-470
Nonylphenol (nonyl‐P) belongs to the classification of persistent organic pollutants. In this work we demonstrate that the contaminant suffers photooxygenation when exposed to visible light Eosin‐photosensitized irradiation. The mechanism was identified as a singlet molecular oxygen‐mediated photooxidation. Rate constants for the process, determined by time‐resolved phosphorescence detection of singlet molecular oxygen, are in the range 105‐107 M‐1 s‐1, depending on the characteristics of the reaction medium. The photooxidative process is more efficient when performed in highly polar alkaline medium. The aggregation of nonyl‐P molecules in pure water decreases the rates of sensitized photooxidation of nonyl‐P and also those of polychlorophenolic contaminants, employed as photooxidizable model compounds, when photolyzed in the presence of nonylphenol. These results are discussed in terms of a micellar effect. 相似文献