响应曲面法优化镍转炉渣氧压选择性浸出工艺

为了优化镍转炉渣加压条件下H₂SO₄选择性浸出Co、Ni、Cu,抑制Fe浸出的工艺,采用响应曲面法的中心组合设计原理,建立影响选择性浸出率的二次多项式数学模型,研究浸出温度、c(H₂SO₄)及液固比及上述因素两两交互作用对提高Co、Ni、Cu浸出率及减少Fe浸出率的影响规律. 结果表明:浸出温度和c(H₂SO₄)对浸出率影响最显著,液固比次之. c(H₂SO₄)越高,Co、Ni、Cu和Fe的浸出率越高,而提高浸出温度有利于降低Fe浸出率. 响应曲面法优化获得的最佳工艺条件:浸出温度为210 ℃、c(H₂SO₄)为0.38 mol/L、液固比为4.25 mL/g,在该条件下,Co和Ni的浸出率均大于98%,Cu浸出率大于96%,Fe浸出率小于0.4%. 浸出控制参数优化后提高了有价金属的浸出率,同时也降低了Fe浸出率,实现了镍转炉渣中有价金属的回收及其与Fe的高效分离.      

离子选择电极法与离子色谱法测定生活饮用水中氟化物的比较

为比较离子选择电极法和离子色谱法测定水中氟化物是否存在显著性差异,分别使用两种方法测定了永州市两个集中式生活饮用水水源地的地表水中含氟量。并采用SPSS13.0软件对两种方法测定结果进行了统计检验。其检验结果显示,两种方法的精密度、准确度和测定结果无显著性差异,均可作为测定生活饮用水中氟含量的方法。     

气相色谱-离子选择电极检测器测定有机氯

用氯离子选择电极作为气相色谱检测器,测定了γ-BHC、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳,其检测下限分别为2.6×10~(-?),1.8×10~(-10)和1.0×10~(-10)mol.以γ-BHC为测定物的相对标准偏差为3.4％,线性范围为2.6×10~(-10)-9.8×10~(-7)mol.     

以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体的新型钒氧化物脱氮催化剂研究

以TiO₂/Al₂O₃/堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,以V₂O₅-MoO₃-WO₃为活性组分,用于氨法选择性催化还原烟气中NO的新型催化剂,并对该催化剂的活性性能和微观结构进行了评价和表征.同时,将该催化剂的活性性能与其它几种活性组分相同但载体、制备方法、结构不同的催化剂进行了对比.对比结果表明,该新型催化剂能取得最好的选择性催化还原氮氧化物催化性能BET、FT IR、XPS表征实验结果表明,其高催化活性得益于大比表面积及大孔体积,而TiO₂/Al₂O₃/堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体及其制备方法对获得好的催化剂构型起了至关重要的作用.     

不同母体制备的金属离子交换ZSM-5分子筛上C_3H_6选择催化还原NO反应的研究

 研究了由钠型及氢型ZSM-5母体制备的金属离子交换分子筛在过量氧存在下丙烯选择催化还原NO的反应。发现反应活性及活性温度范围取决于分子筛母体与金属离子的种类。在各种金属离子交换分子筛催化剂中，钴离子交换CoH－ZSM－5具有最高的活性，且随钴离子交换度的增加反应活性亦随之增加。     

铁基催化剂的微波水热处理对其SCR脱硝性能的影响

利用微波对共沉淀制备的铁铈钛复合氧化物催化剂前驱体进行水热处理,探讨了微波水热处理对铁基催化剂低温SCR脱硝性能的优化;并对微波水热处理条件的影响进行了正交分析.结果表明:对铁基催化剂前驱体进行微波水热处理,可提高其低温SCR脱硝性能,使其脱硝温度窗口向低温偏移;且微波水热处理的低温优化效果与催化剂中Fe/Ti摩尔比密切相关,Fe/Ti摩尔比越小,微波水热处理的低温优化越强;微波加热方式和微波辐射时间会影响微波水热处理对铁基催化剂SCR脱硝性能的低温优化;在相同微波辐射时间条件下,当P30逐渐变为P80,微波水热处理对铁基催化剂低温SCR脱硝的促进作用降低;在P30条件下,微波辐射15min使铁基催化剂具有最佳低温SCR脱硝活性.     

FBC-DPF在柴油机颗粒物控制中的应用研究

目前针对加装FBC-DPF(燃油添加剂-柴油机颗粒捕集器)后的柴油机放特性研究较少,并且缺乏FBC-DPF对颗粒物中PAHs排放量的影响效果研究. 为全面评估加装FBC-DPF后柴油机颗粒物排放特性和FBC-DPF对柴油机尾气中的颗粒物排放污染控制效果,在发动机台架上对装有FBC-DPF的重型柴油机进行了颗粒物排放特性试验. 利用电子低压撞击仪(ELPI)测量加装FBC-DPF前、后柴油机颗粒物的数浓度与粒径分布,用玻璃纤维滤膜采集加装FBC-DPF前、后尾气中的固相PAHs,利用色谱质谱联用仪对加装FBC-DPF前、后尾气中的固相PAHs进行定量分析. 结果表明:①加装FBC-DPF后柴油机排放的颗粒物数浓度大幅降低,FBC-DPF对尾气中颗粒物的捕集效率平均值在95%左右;②加装FBC-DPF后柴油机固相PAHs总比排放量有所降低,在大负荷区域降幅在25.0%~88.0%之间;③加装FBC-DPF前的颗粒物中位直径为30~89nm,而加装FBC-DPF后的颗粒物中位直径为41~98nm,平均增幅为38.2%. 对于国Ⅳ及未来国Ⅴ柴油机排放法规,FBC-DPF是解决柴油机颗粒物排放的有效手段;此外,FBC-DPF可以大幅降低柴油机尾气中的有毒成分,并且能够适应高含硫量的燃油环境.      

The abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis

This review reports the research progress in the abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis. For air pollution control, the selective catalytic reduction of NO _x (SCR) by ammonia and hydrocarbons on metal oxide and zeolite catalysts are reviewed and discussed, as is the removal of Hg from flue gas by catalysis. The oxidation of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by photo- and thermal-catalysis for indoor air quality improvement is reviewed. For wastewater treatment, the catalytic elimination of inorganic and organic pollutants in wastewater is presented. In addition, the mechanism for the procedure of abatement of air and water pollutants by catalysis is discussed in this review. Finally, a research orientation on environment catalysis for the treatment of air pollutants and wastewater is proposed.     

Promotional catalytic activity and reaction mechanism of Ag-modified Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 catalyst for catalytic oxidation of ammonia

Ce_1-xZr_xO₂ composite oxides (molar, x = 0-1.0, interval of 0.2) were prepared by a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-assisted precipitation method. The enhancement of silver-species modification and catalytic mechanism of adsorption-transformation-desorption process were investigated over the Ag-impregnated catalysts for low-temperature selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH₃-SCO). The optimal 5 wt.% Ag/Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ catalyst presented good NH₃-SCO performance with >90% NH₃ conversion at temperature (T) ≥ 250°C and 89% N₂ selectivity. Despite the irregular block shape and underdeveloped specific surface area (∼60 m²/g), the naked and Ag-modified Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ solid solution still obtained highly dispersed distribution of surface elements analyzed by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) (mapping), N₂ adsorption-desorption test and X-ray diffraction (XRD). H₂ temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that Ag-modification enhanced the mobility and activation of oxygen-species leading to a promotion on CeO₂ reducibility and synergistic Ag⁰/Ag⁺ and Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ redox cycles. Besides, Ag⁺/Ag₂O clusters could facilitate the formation of surface oxygen vacancies that was beneficial to the adsorption and activation of ammonia. NH₃-temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD) showed more adsorption-desorption capacity to ammonia were provided by physical, weak- and medium-strong acid sites. Diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments revealed the activation of ammonia might be the control step of NH₃-SCO procedure, during which NH₃ dehydrogenation derived from NH_x-species and also internal selective catalytic reduction (i-SCR) reactions were proposed.     

金属有机骨架材料低温脱硝技术研究进展

金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）因其独特的结构作为催化剂应用于SCR系统表现出较好的低温脱硝效果和较强的抗SO₂、抗H₂O性能。综述了几种较典型的MOFs催化剂及其改性产物的低温催化性能,以及MOFs材料应用于SCR技术的研究进展,指出：对含有两种或两种以上金属的复合MOFs材料的深入研究,是开发稳定性更高、抗SO₂抗H₂O能力更强的MOFs催化剂的重要思路;此外,对有机组成部分进行改性,提高有机配体的热稳定性也是一个重要的研究思路。