季节因素对大气环境监测优化布点的影响

当前的大气环境监测点优化布设并没有考虑大气环境质量随季节的变化,为此,本文应用动态贴近度法分析季节因素对大气环境监测优化布点的影响。该方法同时考虑了大气环境监测数据在空间和时间两个维度上的信息,并通过最近贴近度的计算提高聚类效果。一个城市大气环境监测点优化布设的实例计算结果表明,在大气环境监测优化布点过程中,可以忽略季度变化因素。     

境外项目中方雇员(含华人)遭袭案例分析与规避

美国石油学会和美国石油炼制者协会提出了石油石化行业社会安全脆弱性评估方法,其中可能性的参考点主要包袭击动机、袭击方式、袭击时间、袭击地点和遭袭者身份5个要素,该风险评估模式仅对可能性的1～5级进行了简要的定性描述.对2001年1月至2014年4月间新闻媒体公开报道的122起境外中方人员(含华人)遭袭的事故案例进行了定量分析(袭击动机:抢劫钱财39.34％、地缘政治19.67％、宗教或文化冲突18.03％、社区诉求13.12％及其他动机9.84％.袭击方式:持枪袭击32.79％、实施暴力20.49％、绑架劫持19.67％、炸弹袭击12.30％及其他方式14.75％.袭击时间:凌晨18.03％、上午12.30％、中午4.10％、下午8.20％、夜间27.05％及不明时间30.32％.遭袭地点:人群集聚区24.59％、华人商业区22.15％、工地22.15％、路途13.13％、豪华酒店3.28％、郊区2.47％及其他地区12.23％.遭袭者身份:中方雇员41.80％、华人店主/个体35.24％、中国留学生8.20％、中方游客5.74％及其他人员9.02％),将此统计结果的百分比与可能性构成要素各项最高分级数值5相乘,得出以122起遭袭案例为样本的风险评估可能性的更为准确的数值.还结合该122起事故案例的统计分析结果详细介绍了中国石油天然气集团公司社会安全管理体系的关键性要素.     

沉积物质量综合评价及应用证据权重法的案例分析

水体沉积物是水生生态系统重要的组成部分,沉积物污染将影响整个水生生态系统,因此有必要构建科学全面的水体沉积物质量评价方法,为环境污染修复与监管提供科学依据。已有文献报道了多种沉积物质量评价方法。其中,证据权重法通过对不同的证据进行测定与整合,弥补了传统评价方法的不足,可以对沉积物质量进行科学全面的评价。本文对证据权重法中化学分析、生物毒性和底栖生物群落结构3种证据的测量方法、赋权方法、证据整合与信息解译方法进行了系统评述,并以淡水河为例介绍了用多目标决策理想点法(TOPSIS)整合数据进行沉积物质量综合评价的方法。     

羟基多溴代二苯醚与甲状腺素运载蛋白相互作用的3D-QSAR研究

近年来,羟基多溴代二苯醚(OH-PBDEs)的类甲状腺素效应逐渐引起人们的关注,然而其结构效应关系和致毒机制尚不清楚。甲状腺激素结合球蛋白(TBG)和运甲状腺素蛋白(TTR)是人体转运甲状腺素的重要蛋白,通过计算毒理学手段可以揭示OH-PBDEs的微观毒理机制。利用分子对接技术研究OH-PBDEs与TBG、TTR的结合模式和构象特征,识别关键氢键氨基酸为赖氨酸Lys270(TBG),亮氨酸Leu110(TTR)和丝氨酸Ser117(TTR)。基于活性构象特征,构建14种典型OH-PBDEs的3D-QSAR模型,定量预测OH-PBDEs与TBG、TTR的结合亲和力。最佳预测模型的相关系数r2分别为0.966(TBG)和0.961(TTR),抽一法交叉验证相关系数q2分别为0.560(TBG)和0.525(TTR)。研究发现,OH-PBDEs的静电和氢键作用可增强结合亲和力,分别贡献65.4%(TBG)和68.7%(TTR)。研究结果为揭示OH-PBDEs与甲状腺素转运蛋白的相互作用提供新视角,有助于全面评价OH-PBDEs对人体甲状腺素调节功能的损伤。     

Macrophyte species composition and structure along littoral region in relation to limnological variables of a tropical wetland ecosystem

The composition and structure of macrophyte communities of the littoral region of Bhindawas wetland (India) was investigated. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) if limnological variables such as water chemistry and soil parameters are important determinants of species composition and abundance and (2) what is the variance in species richness and composition within the wetland. Twenty-eight macrophyte species belonging to 17 different families were identified with relatively low species diversity and richness (H′?=?2.09; Margalef index?=?1.12). Eichhornia crassipes, attained the highest relative frequency (22.69%), followed by Salvinia natans, Paspalum paspaloides, Phragmites karka, Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus alopecuroides. The first and second axis of CCA ordination explained 38.4% and 28.5% of the total variance of species–limnological variables relationship, respectively. Water-related variables (dissolved oxygen, pH and nitrate concentration) and soil nutrient factors (soil carbon and phosphorus levels) were significantly correlated to macrophyte distribution. Sampling sites formed two distinct groups based on cluster analysis, indicating varying ecological conditions. Generally, composition and abundance of macrophytes evince highly productive nature of the lake, while dominance of invasive species like E. crassipes and S. natans indicates high influence of increased nutrient levels and anthropogenic activities in the catchment on lake macrophyte composition.     

基于区分权的水质综合评价方法

论证"隶属度"作为相似性度量是水质评价的最佳选择,定义指标区分权重,规范隶属函数的拓扑空间结构、代数性质和标准化方法,建立基于区分权的水质评价模型。     

江苏省水资源短缺风险的相似云评价方法研究

为有效的监测和评估水资源短缺风险的程度,实现水资源可持续开采和利用,提出水资源短缺风险的相似云综合评价模型。针对水资源短缺风险的影响因素同时具有模糊和随机性问题,建立基于熵权和相似云方法的综合评估模型。借鉴现有理论的基础上,综合考虑风险率、脆弱性、可恢复性等5个评价指标,采用熵权法确定各个指标的权重,利用正态云模型定量描述单指标条件下待评价城市水资源的短缺风险等级。给出一种新的计算正态云模型相似度方法——基于组合模糊贴近度的正态云相似度度量方法,通过比较待评价城市与风险等级之间的熵权正态云相似度值的大小,构建基于熵权相似云的水资源短缺风险评价模型。江苏省三大流域的实例表明,该方法简单可行,结果相对客观合理,能够克服现有方法的一些缺点。     

交通标志语义认知与情绪加工的脑电研究

为了让驾驶员更正确快速地理解交通标志,避免不当驾驶行为,探究驾驶员对交通标志的语义认知和情绪加工过程.采用刺激1-刺激2(S1-S2)试验范式,基于事件相关电位(ERPs)技术和脑电信号(EEG)时频(TF)分析方法,研究交通标志语义一致性和情绪唤醒的客观评价指标.结果 显示,交通标志和文字语义不一致条件下,同一时间窗...     

瑶湖湖泊水质监测点的优化布设研究

文章采用2010年全年瑶湖水质监测指标的月分析数据,利用物元分析法和动态贴近度法对瑶湖监测点的布设进行了优化分析。研究结果表明,2种方法对瑶湖监测点布设优化后,将原有的14个监测点减至9个监测点,且2种方法优化后所得到的结果基本相同,这为提高监测工作的效率提供了理论上的依据,具有较重要的实践意义。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.