Extrinsic modeling and simulation of helio-photovoltaic system: a case of single diode model

Simulation of helio-photovoltaic system is continuously undergoing revolution through diverse parameter modifications which closely mimic the experimental data. In retrospect, the current work has presented a nonlinear modification of equivalent circuit parameters and simulated the same for different semiconductors (crystalline and thin films); furthermore, established a mathematical relation between the coefficients of solar irradiance and module temperature (SIMT); moreover, investigated the influence of SIMT on the model parameters. The simulation upshot reveals that increment in solar irradiance (SI) intensifies the output current whereas an increase in module temperature (MT) diminishes the output voltage; the SIMT coefficients developed validated well with the manufacturers data; the influence of SI was evident on the photon current, diode current, and shunt resistance whereas the effect of MT was pronounced on the diode current, ideality factor, and shunt resistance. Thus, the provision made by this work is essential for advanced design and simulation of helio-photovoltaic systems.     

An automatic approach for the control of the airflow volume and concentrations of hazardous gases in coal mine galleries

Intelligently controlling ventilation networks after an abnormal air branch is difficult. The key variable-frequency mine ventilator control factors that are used to correct this phenomenon were discussed. To improve the fitting accuracy of the mine ventilator characteristic curves, a database of characteristic curves for mine ventilators operating at different frequencies was established using the interpolation method for optimizing uniform approximations by Chebyshev. The concept of frequency sensitivity analysis by analyzing the sensitive branch in the ventilation network was proposed. The linear function between the mine ventilator working frequency and branch wind quantity was fitted out by experiments. A model based on Tikhonov regularization measured the branch wind quantity to calculate the wind resistance in the ventilation network, which yielded a unique branch resistance model solution. The mine air was monitored by calculating the variable wind resistance from the branch wind quantity. The sensitive branch coupling in the mine ventilator variable-frequency controlled ventilation was analyzed and combined with the control theory for ventilation networks. Two types of variable frequency were controlled to adjust the branch wind quantity, the frequency-concentration (f-w) servo control method and the curve search method. The experimental model was established for the Da Liu-ta coal mine ventilation system using the mine ventilator variable-frequency system controller to adjust the branch wind quantity. Because gas is explosive, CO₂ was used instead of gas for this experiment. The results indicate that the mine ventilator variable-frequency control automatically adjusted the branch wind quantity, which strictly followed the frequency-concentration servo control method and curve search method. Increasing the CO₂ concentration caused the mine ventilator variable-frequency controller to increase the branch wind quantity automatically to maintain the CO₂ concentration under the threshold value. The experimental results also demonstrated both the practicability of variable-frequency regulation for air branch systems and the feasibility of the branch quantity adjusted theory. Theoretical guidance for adjusting the ventilation branch quantity for a variable-frequency mine ventilator was provided.     

巢湖流域和太湖流域沉积物中苄氯菊酯和高效氰戊菊酯的生态风险评价

分析了巢湖流域和太湖流域表层沉积物中苄氯菊酯和高效氰戊菊酯,并结合毒性单元法(Toxic Unit,TU)和物种敏感性分布法(Species Sensitivity Distributions,SSD)评价了两种拟除虫菊酯的生态风险.结果显示,两大流域沉积物中均广泛检测出两类污染物.总体而言,巢湖流域苄氯菊酯含量较高,而太湖流域高效氰戊菊酯含量较高.同时,两种污染物在巢湖流域呈现显著的正相关,但太湖流域二者之间没有相关关系.3种风险评价方法(TU法、沉积物SSD法、水体SSD法)均揭示苄氯菊酯对巢湖流域水生环境影响较大,而高效氰戊菊酯对两个流域影响均较大.因此,需要加强对流域高效氰戊菊酯污染的关注.其中,TU法预测的风险最小,沉积物SSD法预测的风险最大,主要原因在于TU法采用的毒性数据为LC50,而SSD法则选用了NOEC/LOEC,同时沉积物SSD法是出于保护大部分底栖生物为目的的方法.各种方法对于评价沉积物毒害污染物的生态风险均存在不足,尽管沉积物SSD法最为合理,但由于其毒性数据较少,最终预测结果存在一定的不确定性.因此,需要进一步加强对底栖生物毒性的研究和数据积累.     

基于均匀设计的边坡敏感性灰色关联分析

在边坡敏感性分析中,试验方法的选择对试验次数和试验效果起着至关重要的作用.与正交设计相比,均匀设计不仅能减少试验次数,而且能够获得较好的试验效果.本文以一土质边坡为例,选取容重、内聚力、内摩擦角、坡角及坡高5个因素进行均匀试验设计,并对其敏感性进行了灰色关联分析,结果表明:坡体的抗剪强度指标是影响土质边坡稳定性的最重要...     

战场电磁环境复杂性内涵分析与研究

战场电磁环境是信息化战争发展的产物。综述了战场电磁环境的构成及其层次结构,分析了其复杂性的内涵与表现形式。在此基础上,提出了一种定量描述电磁环境复杂程度的思路,即以用频设备的灵敏度区间将战场电磁环境划分为不同的子空间,分别对应不同的复杂程度。     

我国淡水生物氨氮基准研究

主要采用美国水生生物基准技术,结合美国氨氮水质基准数学模型,利用我国水生生物的氨氮毒性数据,对我国淡水生物氨氮基准进行了研究.共搜集了35种淡水生物的氨氮急性毒性数据和7种慢性毒性数据,得出的氨氮水质基准表现为以水体pH值和温度为自变量的函数,在pH 6.5～9.0、温度0～30℃的取值范围内,我国氨氮急性和慢性基准的...     

居住区气温变化模型及应用

借助居住区热时间常数和地表热时间常数计算城市局地气温变化,给出的数学模型简单实用,但考虑了多项城市相关参数。结果表明实测值与预测值吻合较好。对部分城市参数作了敏感性分析,初步揭示了各参数变化对城市居住区气温的影响。     

Application of microcosm and species sensitivity distribution approaches in the ecological hazard assessment of 4-tert-butylphenol

In order to evaluate the ecological hazard of 4-tert-butylphenol (4-TBP), species abundances and physicochemical properties were monitored for 63 days in a microcosm system containing planktonic algae, rotifers, shrimps and Daphnia. The 63 days-NOEC (no observed effect concentration) of 4-TBP for this system was calculated. At the same time, species sensitivity distribution curves were constructed based on the toxicity data of EC₁₀, EC₅₀ and NOEC derived from laboratory single-species toxicity tests, which further gives no obvious hazard concentrations for 95% species in the ecosystem (HC₅). In both the microcosm and the single-species tests, the shrimp (Neocaridina sp.) was the most sensitive species to 4-TBP exposure, while most algae species were relatively insensitive compared to the zooplankton. For the microcosm exposed to 4-TBP, significant changes occurred to the community structure instead of the community function, resulting in a NOEC_microcosm of 265.38?μg?L^–1 which approached the EC₁₀-based HC₅ (0.376?mg?L^–1). Nevertheless, EC₅₀-based HC₅ was higher than the NOEC_microcosm, and the NOEC-based HC₅ was lower. The data showed that the EC₁₀-based HC₅ was protective at the similar level with the result of microcosm for 4-TBP, providing supportive data for chemical risk assessment.     

A novel driver hazard perception sensitivity model based on drivers’ characteristics: A simulator study

Objective: Considering the high annual number of fatal driving accidents in Iran, any approach for reducing the number or severity of driving accidents is a positive step toward decreasing accident-related losses. Accidents can often be avoided by a timely reaction of the driver. One of the steps before reacting to a hazard is perception. Some driver characteristics may affect road hazard perception. In this research, it was assumed that various driver characteristics, including demographic characteristics and cognitive characteristics, have an impact on driver perception.

Methods: The driving simulator used in this research provides various scenarios; for example, passing a pedestrian or animal across the road or placing fixed objects in a 2-lane separated rural road for 2 groups of experienced and inexperienced drivers under day and night lighting conditions. The go/no-go test was carried out in order to assess drivers’ attention to driving tasks and inhibitory control. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to estimate the relation between driver characteristics and sensitivity to road hazard perception. A new hazard perception index was proposed based on the time intervals in the hazard vulnerability.

Results: The results show that the most effective variables in the analysis of sensitivity to hazard perception are driving experience (in kilometers) during the last 3 years and road lighting conditions. Moreover, hazard perception sensitivity was improved by better inhibitory control, selective attention, and decision making, more carefulness, the average amount of daily sleep, and marital status.

Conclusion: The results of this research may be useful in educating and advertising programs. It also could enhance sensitivity to perception of hazards such as pedestrians, animals, and fixed obstacles among young and novice drivers.     

温敏性水凝胶对金属离子Y3+,UO2+2的浓集分离

利用合成的ＰＮＩＰＡＡｍ／ＡＡｃ交联共聚温敏性水凝胶分别对水溶液中微量的Ｙ＾２＋,ＣＵ２＾２＋离子进行浓集分离研究。实验结果表明,凝胶能有效浓集Ｙ＾２＋,ＵＯ２＾２＋离子,在ＰＨ＝１～４范围内,凝胶的溶胀比及对Ｙ＾３＋,ＵＯ２＾２＋的浓集率均随ＰＨ的增大而增大,浓集率分别达到８０％和９０％,凝胶溶胀比的增大浓集量分别为５．２９３ｍｇ．ｇ＾－１、３６．１６ｍｇ．ｇ＾－１凝胶的表面积也对浓集率有限大影