Determination of haloacetic acids in hospital effuent after chlorination by ion chromatography

The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids (HAAs), a class of disinfection by-products formed from chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 mlmin, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples' turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μgL and 1.30 μgL, respectively, and the other three acids are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82 μgL under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid was the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively.     

真菌核酸的一种快速提取方法

在总结多种真菌DNA和RNA提取方法的基础上，发展了一种提取真菌核酸新方法，与其它方法相比，该方法具有快速、操作简便等特点，而且提取DNA和RNA步骤基本一致，用该方法提取的DNA完整、纯度高，可用于PR、限制性内切酶酶切和Southern杂交等分子生物学操作；提取RNA产量高，RNA无降解，纯度高，适用Northern和cDNA合成等分子生物学操作。     

自动搅拌萃取-紫外分光光度法测定常州市城市饮用水水源地石油类

根据《水质石油类的测定紫外分光光度法(试行)》(HJ 970—2018)的要求,以正己烷为溶剂,采用自行设计的搅拌式液液萃取器处理样品,萃取相经硅酸镁吸附脱除极性物质后,用紫外分光光度法测定常州市城市饮用水水源地的石油类指标。结果表明:方法检出限为0.01 mg/L,线性范围为0~16.0 mg/L,相关系数为0.9998,4种不同浓度配制样品测定的相对误差为-15.0%~4.0%,相对标准偏差为2.2%~8.8%。各项技术指标均满足《HJ 970—2018》相关质量控制要求,相比手动萃取-红外分光光度法,自动搅拌萃取-紫外分光光度法能有效提高分析效率和降低职业危害。     

阴离子表面活性剂测定中不同萃取方法的比较

通过对水中阴离子表面活性剂测定中不同萃取方法的比较，从而简化操作步骤，提高了工作效率。     

酸性土壤有效态硒浸提方法的研究

本文提出了酸性土壤有效硒的0.1MKH_2PO_4浸提法.土壤和植物的分析结果表明:0.1MKH_2PO_4浸提有效态硒能反映土壤对植物的供硒状况.黑麦幼苗试验进一步证明KH_2PO_4浸提有效态硒可以作为酸性土壤有效硒的指标.     

Quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tea and Coffee Samples of Mumbai City (India) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

This paper describes a method for quantification of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tea and coffee samples of Mumbai City with the help of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS detector. This method is based on liquid–liquid extraction followed by clean up with C-18 cartridge. Concentration of total PAHs in different brands of tea and coffee samples varied from 18.79 to 31.37 μg/L and from 16.47 to 18.24 μg/L, respectively. Mean concentration of total PAHs was 27.56 μg/L in tea and 17.20 μg/L in coffee. Recoveries at different concentration levels were higher than 68% in samples of tea and coffee. Detection limit was found to be low (0.0006 ng) for anthracene and highest (0.174 ng) for naphthalene with relative standard deviation between 0.4%–7%.     

重金属污染土壤异位淋洗技术工艺分析及设计建议

重点阐述了重金属污染土壤异位淋洗技术中物理筛分和化学提取的工艺原理、技术装备与材料类型。研究了物理筛分工艺路线、筛分方式、适用条件,以及化学提取工艺的淋洗剂种类、适用条件、优缺点等。在总结国内外研究成果和工程经验的基础上,分析了我国异位淋洗技术工艺水平、应用现状及存在的问题。最后,针对物理筛分和化学提取工艺的特点,提出了重金属污染土壤异位淋洗技术在我国进行工程应用时的设计理念与建议。     

超临界流体萃取与超临界水裂解耦合处理油泥中试

传统油泥处理存在能耗高、易造成二次污染、资源利用率低等问题。采用多级超临界流体萃取-超临界水裂解耦合技术对经减量化处理的油泥进行无害化处理及资源化利用,其中通过多级超临界流体梯度萃取可生成重质油、高级酚及稠环芳烃,在催化剂作用下超临界水将油泥中残留的重胶质及沥青质裂解为CO、H_2、丙烯、丁烯等组分,处理后的油泥石油烃综合利用率高,残渣可实现无害化排放。     

从钨钼废渣中提取钨、钼、铜、镍的方法研究

钨钼废渣中含有相对较高的钨、钼、铜、镍,该钨钼废渣属危险废物,不经过回收处理处置,不仅浪费资源,而且对环境的危险较大.研究回收技术,从钨钼废渣中提取钨、钼、铜、镍,不但可以提高利用量,还可以防止危险废渣污染环境质量.文章研究了从钨钼废渣中提取钨、钼、铜、镍的工艺方法及萃取剂的使用,并对提取的效果及提取后的废渣进行了监测分析,结果表明,采用湿法对钨钼废渣处理提取钨、钼、铜、镍,不仅提取效率高,而且有一定的经济效率,同时经过提取后钨钼废渣由危险废物降为一般工业废物,便于处置,也降低了处置费用.     

聚乙烯醇缩-5-甲酰基-2,4-二羟基苯偶氮安替比林液-固萃取和光度测定镍的研究

本文报道了2,4-二羟基-5-安替比林偶氮苯甲醛(DAP)及DAP与聚乙烯醇(PVA)的缩合产物(PV·DAP)的合成.并利用PV·DAP做萃取剂,析相萃取和光度测定了铝合金和环境水样中的镍.实验结果还表明,高分子显色剂与相应的小分子试剂相比,在液-固萃取方面表现为易获得高萃取率且不受萃合物电性的影响,在光度测定方面则表现出较高的灵敏度和稳定性.从而说明试剂的高分子化可改善其性能.