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381.
高压蒸汽排空消声器设计与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章介绍了为某石油化工总厂设计用于高压蒸汽排空消声器实例,并探讨节流降压一小孔喷注一阻抗吸声组合式消声器的设计方法及应用。 相似文献
382.
Patrick R. Zimmerman Maribeth Price Changhui Peng William J. Capehart Karen Updegraff Patrick Kozak Lee Vierling Elaine Baker Fred Kopp Genet Duke Chandan Das 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(2):307-331
The C-Lock system was developed to address the need for an improved method of quantifying and certifying project-level carbon emission reduction credits (CERC). It was designed to enable individual landowners to efficiently quantify, certify, pool, market and trade CERCs generated by agricultural management practices. We provide a general overview of the C-Lock system as it has been implemented for the USA State of South Dakota. C-Lock is comprised of four linked components: a web interface, a client database, a Geographic Information System (GIS) database of soil, climate and generalized land use history parameters, and the CENTURY soil carbon model. The user-friendly interface elicits generalized land-use and crop history information from the client from 1900 through 1989, then explicit annual information from 1990 onward. A climate-zone level landuse and crop management database is used to fill in gaps in the client-provided data. These data are used to drive the CENTURY model, which estimates annual changes in soil carbon stocks. Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate uncertainty bounds, and these are applied to the CENTURY outputs in order to provide probabilistic estimates of accrued CERCs in a manner that is transparent and verifiable. In a demonstration application, CERCs are estimated for three different land-use scenarios on a representative field in eastern South Dakota: reduced tillage or conservation (no-till) management of a corn (maize)/wheat/soybean rotation, and enrollment in the Conservation Reserve Program, which entails establishing permanent grass cover. The credits are based on a business-asusual scenario of conventional tillage. 相似文献
383.
王自法 《防灾科技学院学报》2006,8(1):6-10
本文从简要回顾国内外著名大学的历史出发,给出了学校发展的最终定位。在这个大目标下,文章从分期目标、思路、方法、计划以及存在的问题等几方面着手,讨论了学校学科发展的各阶段主要目标、学校发展的思路以及理念、推动和促进学校发展的几种方法、实现这些理念与实践这些方法的计划以及可能存在的问题。文章最后对这些设想作一个简要总结,指出实现学校发展的最终目标是一个艰辛而漫长、是一个需要几代人持之以恒共同努力的自然结果。 相似文献
384.
Martine Rowell-Rahier Ludger Witte Adelheid Ehmke Thomas Hartmann Jacques M. Pasteels 《Chemoecology》1991,2(1):41-48
Summary
Oreina cacaliae andO. speciosissima (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) sequester in their elytral and pronotal defensive secretions pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) as Noxides (PA N-oxides). The PA N-oxide patterns found in the beetles and their host plants were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Of the three host plantsAdenostyles alliariae (Asteraceae) is the exclusive source for PA N-oxide sequestration in the defensive secretions of the beetles. With the exception of O-acetylseneciphylline the N-oxides of all PAs ofA. alliariae, i.e. senecionine, seneciphylline, spartioidine, integerrimine, platyphylline and neoplatyphylline were identified in the secretion. PA N-oxides typical ofSenecio fuchsii (Asteraceae) were detected in the bodies of the beetles but not in their secretion. No PAs were found in the leaves of the third host plant,Petasites paradoxus (Asteraceae). The results suggest the existence of two distinctive storage compartments for PA N-oxides in the beetle: (1) the defensive secretion, containing specifically PA N-oxides acquired fromA. alliariae; (2) the body of the beetle, sequestering additionally but less selectively PA N-oxides from other sources,e.g. S. fuchsii or monocrotaline N-oxide fed in the laboratory. The concentration of PA N-oxides in the defensive secretion is in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 mol/1, which is more than 2.5 orders of magnitude higher than that found in the body of the beetle. No significant differences exist in the ability of the two species of beetles to sequester PA N-oxides fromA. alliariae, althoughO. speciosissima, but notO. cacaliae, produces autogenous cardenolides. A negative correlation seems to exist between the concentrations of plant-derived PA N-oxides andde novo synthesized cardenolides in the defensive secretion ofO. speciosissima. 相似文献
385.
386.
387.
Johannes Lehmann John Gaunt Marco Rondon 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(2):395-419
The application of bio-char (charcoal or biomass-derived black carbon (C)) to soil is proposed as a novel approach to establish
a significant, long-term, sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems. Apart from positive effects in both
reducing emissions and increasing the sequestration of greenhouse gases, the production of bio-char and its application to
soil will deliver immediate benefits through improved soil fertility and increased crop production. Conversion of biomass
C to bio-char C leads to sequestration of about 50% of the initial C compared to the low amounts retained after burning (3%)
and biological decomposition (< 10–20% after 5–10 years), therefore yielding more stable soil C than burning or direct land
application of biomass. This efficiency of C conversion of biomass to bio-char is highly dependent on the type of feedstock,
but is not significantly affected by the pyrolysis temperature (within 350–500 ∘C common for pyrolysis). Existing slash-and-burn systems cause significant degradation of soil and release of greenhouse gases
and opportunies may exist to enhance this system by conversion to slash-and-char systems. Our global analysis revealed that
up to 12% of the total anthropogenic C emissions by land use change (0.21 Pg C) can be off-set annually in soil, if slash-and-burn
is replaced by slash-and-char. Agricultural and forestry wastes such as forest residues, mill residues, field crop residues,
or urban wastes add a conservatively estimated 0.16 Pg C yr−1. Biofuel production using modern biomass can produce a bio-char by-product through pyrolysis which results in 30.6 kg C sequestration
for each GJ of energy produced. Using published projections of the use of renewable fuels in the year 2100, bio-char sequestration
could amount to 5.5–9.5 Pg C yr−1 if this demand for energy was met through pyrolysis, which would exceed current emissions from fossil fuels (5.4 Pg C yr−1). Bio-char soil management systems can deliver tradable C emissions reduction, and C sequestered is easily accountable, and
verifiable. 相似文献
388.
Lasco Rodel D. Pulhin Florencia B. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2000,5(1):81-97
Tropical forests in countries like thePhilippines are important sources and sinks of carbon(C). The paper analyzes the contribution of Philippineforests in climate change mitigation. Since the 1500s,deforestation of 20.9 M ha (106 ha) of Philippineforests contributed 3.7 Pg (1015 g) of C to theatmosphere of which 2.6 Pg were released this century. At present, forest land uses store 1091 Tg(1012 g) of C and sequester 30.5 Tg C/yr whilereleasing 11.4 Tg C/yr through deforestation andharvesting. In the year 2015, it is expected that thetotal C storage will decline by 8% (1005 Tg) andtotal rate of C sequestration will increase by 17%(35.5 Tg/yr). This trend is due to the decline innatural forest area accompanied by an increase intree plantation area. We have shown that uncertaintyin national C estimates still exists because they arereadily affected by the source of biomass and Cdensity data. Philippine forests can act as C sink by:conserving existing C sinks, expanding C stocks, andsubstituting wood products for fossil fuels. Here weanalyze the possible implications of the provisions ofthe Kyoto Protocol to Philippine forests. Finally, wepresent current research and development efforts ontropical forests and climate change in the Philippinesto improve assessments of their role in the nations Cbudgets. 相似文献
389.
厌氧菌降解四氯乙烯的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
报道了洳气污泥富集培养物中厌氧菌降解四氯乙烯的特征。研究结果表明,沼气污泥在甲醇、甲酸盐、乙酸盐、乙醇和H2/CO2等不同碳源基质中的富集培养物,以利用甲醇为碳源的富信培养物降解四氯乙烯(Tetrachloroe-thylene,简称PCE,下同)活性最高,平均每升培养液每天降解PCE1400nmol。经对该富集培养物的分离培养,已分离出4株厌氧细菌,其中一株为甲烷八叠球菌,两株为弧菌,一株为杆菌 相似文献
390.
二氧化碳储存技术的研究现状和展望 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
为了减少因温室效应造成的危害,必须大量减少CO2的人为排放.将化石燃料燃烧产生的CO2进行储存(尤其是地下储存)能够长期、有效地阻止大气中CO2浓度的增加.通过对CO2储存技术研究现状的介绍,对中国今后开展CO2地下储存技术提出了建议和研究方向. 相似文献