挥发性有机废气净化技术研究进展

综述了微波催化氧化、膜基吸收净化、生物过滤净化和纳米材料净化对废气中的挥发性有机化合物的研究进展及应用     

地震地表破裂与发震断层的性状

本文在总结地震地面破坏实地考察和统计的基础上,发现地震地面破坏的类型与发震断层的性状关系密切。以走滑为主的发震断层,可产生大规模的地震地表破裂;以倾滑为主的高角度发震断层有时可产生一定规模的地震地表破裂;以倾滑为主的低角度发震断层或连通不好的发震断层,地震地表破裂不发育,而次生的地面破坏普遍发育。倾滑型发震断层产生的地面破坏在多方面具有类似的特征,但逆断层性质的发震断层产生的地面破坏分布在断层下盘,而正断层性质的发震断层产生的地面破坏分布在断层的上盘。并进行了有限元模拟,表明,地震地面破坏分布受断层能量释放区域的控制。     

反应萃取处理染料中间体H酸和DSD酸工业废水

分别采用三烷基胺(Alamine 336)和氯化季铵盐(Aliquat 336)为萃取剂,正辛醇为助溶剂,煤油为稀释剂,进行H酸、DSD酸及其工业废水反应萃取的实验研究结果表明,萃取率与溶液的pH值有关,Alamine 336体系适于酸性较强废水的处理,Aliquat 336体系适于中性废水的处理;采用多级错流萃取能有效地去除废水中两性官能团化合物和色度,去除率达99%以上,反萃率可达100%,工艺简单易行,溶剂可再生使用.     

区域可持续发展与水资源优化配置研究——以西北干旱区柴达木盆地为例

西北干旱区水资源的合理开发利用与优化配置是实现干旱区可持续发展目标的首要前提。论文依据可持续发展的基本原理,以柴达木盆地为例,设计了水资源优化配置的总体思路,对水资源优化配置的多目标进行竞争辨识,采用以投入产出模型、AHP法等定性为主的决策方法和以系统动力学模型、生产函数模型等定量为主的决策方法生成水资源优化配置基准方案,进而采用多目标决策方案优选的密切值模型求出了柴达木盆地宏观经济发展与水资源优化配置的最佳方案。     

微曝气条件下S-TE剩余污泥溶解性研究

研究了微曝气、不同温度条件下S-TE预处理对剩余污泥溶解和各种化学组分变化的影响.结果表明,S-TE污泥溶解存在2种反应(酶催化反应和热解反应)和2个过程:嗜热菌胞外酶(主要为蛋白酶和淀粉酶)首先解聚污泥胶团,进而溶解细菌的细胞壁,水解胞内有机物质.接种嗜热菌Bacillus stearothermophilus sp.AT06-1比不接种促进了污泥悬浮固体的溶解,接种条件下最适宜的溶解温度为65℃,此温度下,污泥VSS和TSS溶解率相对于不接种试验提高程度最大,2 d时VSS、TSS溶解率分别达到34.09%和24.16%,比不接种试验同期分别提高了7.57%和6.87%;微曝气条件下SCOD和VFA得到累积,最大累积量达到4 531 mg/L和2 319 mg/L,有利于厌氧消化;此时蛋白酶活性提高也最大.污泥溶解产生的蛋白质被蛋白酶水解,蛋白质浓度先升高后降低.     

不同氮水平下秸秆和活性碳对土壤不同粒级碳的影响

利用采集自FACE(Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment)技术平台上田间培养的土壤样品,通过温室培养的方法,研究不同CO₂浓度下导致作物生物量增加和更多碳输入对土壤含碳量的影响. 结果表明, CO₂浓度高(即通过秸秆还田和根系进入土壤的含碳量增加)时,其显著影响碳在不同粒级土壤中的转化,粒径>53 μm土壤的含碳量增加,粒径<53 μm土壤的含碳量降低;在没有秸秆加入的常规氮水平下与有秸秆加入的低氮水平下,含碳量变化幅度较大;单位土壤各粒级的含碳量均有增加,有秸秆加入,活性碳(葡萄糖)量越大,含碳量增加幅度越大;没有秸秆加入,活性碳量越大,总碳含量增加幅度越小. 而不同氮水平下秸秆的分解代谢对土壤不同粒级碳的影响还不明确,有待继续研究.      

氟氯烃检测中的富集采样研究

本文用自制的吸附采样管和解吸装置完成了大气中痕量氟氯烃的采样测定,其吸附效率达８５％以上,解吸效率达８７％,富集倍数达１１４４倍。研究了温度对吸附和解吸效率的影响。     

Modelling the potential impacts of land use/cover change on terrestrial carbon stocks in north-west Morocco

Terrestrial ecosystems store more carbon (C) than the atmosphere and provide ecosystem services (ES) such as global climate regulation, by sequestering carbon within biomass and soil. Land use land cover (LULC) change is considered a key factor, playing an important role in the dynamic variations of carbon storage. The aim of this paper is to assess the effects that LULC has had on carbon stocks and consequently on climate change regulation in north-western Morocco over 21 years. To achieve this aim, the Integrated Valuation of ES and Trade-offs (InVEST) model is used to assess status and variation in the net amount of carbon stored by the different types of LULC, and the economic value of the carbon sequestered in the remaining stock. The results show that the total carbon stock increased from 4.81TgC in 1996 to 4.98TgC in 2017. Over the 21 years, the LULC changes had the greatest effect on carbon storage - an increase of 6.87% with 0.17TgC of carbon sequestered, since the majority of unused land was changed to forest and cultivated land. Based on the global costs of atmospheric carbon, we estimate the economic value of carbon storage services to be between US$1,800,000 and US$3,570,000 for the whole period, with an average yearly increment of between US$86,000 and US$170,000. The results show that the ecosystem management has had a substantial climate mitigation effect. Also, the possibility of paying for ES could inform policy on the adoption of LULC to support livelihood and management choices.     

Quantification of the regional carbon cycle of the biosphere: policy, science and land-use decisions

This paper addresses some issues related to the carbon cycle and its utilization by society. Traditional uses for agriculture, forestry, as a source of fuel and other products, and for pastoral farming, among others, have recently been supplemented by identifying its potential for mitigating the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Through the Kyoto Protocol, carbon has become a commodity and the CO(2)-absorbing capability of the vegetation and soils an economically valuable asset. The multi-facetted roles of the C cycle and its sensitivity to human activities present a demand for techniques that permit accurate, timely and affordable characterization of the various components of this cycle, especially on land where most human activities take place. Such techniques must satisfy a range of demands in terms of purpose, clients for the information, and biosphere properties. However, if successful, they offer the potential to support monitoring, reporting, policy setting, and management of terrestrial biospheric resources. The context for these requirements and possibilities is illustrated with reference to the China Carbon Sequestration Project and its findings.     

Linking carbon sequestration science with local sustainability: an integrated assessment approach

This paper introduces an integrated assessment (IA) approach for a Canada-China joint research project that linked forest carbon sequestration, forest resource management, and local sustainability enhancement. The purpose of the IA was to improve the measurement of carbon in different land uses and vegetation covers, as well as to direct decision makers to those land uses or options as an CO₂ emission reduction strategy while supporting rural sustainable development. In this connection, three questions are addressed in this paper:

1)

How will forestry carbon sequestration land use policies affect regional sustainability prospects in rural China?