Under the new threat situation it is necessary to impede and if necessary detect ingress by unauthorised persons into the relevant establishment. It may be necessary to take additional measures to protect installations or parts thereof that are especially hazardous or at risk from terrorist attacks from interference by unauthorised persons.
It is the duty of the state to take precautionary and preventive measures to impede or prevent external terrorist attacks or entry by force into establishments. The necessary resources for this purpose must be made available even in times of limited budgets.
Since total protection can never be guaranteed, external emergency measures have a particularly important role to play. The competent authorities in this sector must receive the necessary information from the operators and must take the measures within their sphere of responsibility without delay.
Much of the information necessary for assessment of the risk situation by the operators and the authorities is already available under the provisions on the safety report and the external alarm and emergency plans according to European Seveso II Directive (96/82/EC).
It is recommended that a restriction of disclosure of information on the grounds of public safety should only be permitted for establishments/installations which are to be regarded as security-relevant on the basis of the hazard and the risk analysis.
The outline of the systematic approach of a security analysis like it is proposed in Germany is described separately. 相似文献
Turf grasses are ubiquitous in the urban landscape of the United States and are often associated with various types of environmental
impacts, especially on water resources, yet there have been limited efforts to quantify their total surface and ecosystem
functioning, such as their total impact on the continental water budget and potential net ecosystem exchange (NEE). In this
study, relating turf grass area to an estimate of fractional impervious surface area, it was calculated that potentially 163,800
km2 (± 35,850 km2) of land are cultivated with turf grasses in the continental United States, an area three times larger than that of any irrigated
crop. Using the Biome-BGC ecosystem process model, the growth of warm-season and cool-season turf grasses was modeled at a
number of sites across the 48 conterminous states under different management scenarios, simulating potential carbon and water
fluxes as if the entire turf surface was to be managed like a well-maintained lawn. The results indicate that well-watered
and fertilized turf grasses act as a carbon sink. The potential NEE that could derive from the total surface potentially under
turf (up to 17 Tg C/yr with the simulated scenarios) would require up to 695 to 900 liters of water per person per day, depending
on the modeled water irrigation practices, suggesting that outdoor water conservation practices such as xeriscaping and irrigation
with recycled waste-water may need to be extended as many municipalities continue to face increasing pressures on freshwater. 相似文献
The goal of the inclined conveyor method for particle shape separation is to process a large amount of feed material for
recycling technology. The high feed rate has been achieved because the movement of particles is faster than for other previously
introduced equipment. The separation performance of the apparatus was tested with foundry sand. A large amount of sand was
treated, and various processing capacities were studied experimentally. The feed method was improved from point to line with
wide troughs to process the higher feed rate. We succeeded in attaining a feed rate of 1.49 × 10−3 kg/s with a 0.3-m trough. The space filling, which was an important factor in deciding the capacity of the feed rate, was
defined. This method is useful for any kind of line-feed method.
Received: March 25, 2002 / Accepted: August 5, 2002 相似文献
ABSTRACT: In 1976–77, benthic invertebrates were sampled at four sites in a 410-kilometer reach of the lower Mississippi River to define the communities in the river and to determine differences between communities upstream and downstream from the industrial and municipal complexes of Baton Rouge and New Orleans, Louisiana. The most common and most numerous organisms collected were Corbicula and tubificid worms. The benthic community structure of the lower Mississippi River is influenced by substrate type and stability, channel geometry, river velocity, vegetation and organic detritus, and salinity. Sampling stations near the left and right banks had low velocities, and substrate types ranged from medium silt to very fine sand. Burrowing organisms such as tubificids, chironomids, and ephemerid-type mayflies dominated these environments. At the center, left-center, and right-center stations, velocities were higher and substrate materials were coarser than at the bank stations; only Corbicula was present in large numbers. Near the river mouth, salinity and aquatic vegetation greatly affect the benthic community structure. Differences in benthic community structure in the Mississippi River are due primarily to different hydrologic conditions. Industrial and municipal wastes discharged into the river appear to have little or no widespread effects on benthic populations. 相似文献
This article presents a review of major empirical research on environmental justice. Forty-two empirical research studies
spanning three decades were evaluated and categorized on the basis of how well they meet reasonable scientific standards.
Twelve of those studies are described and critiqued in detail, and an overview of trends in the literature is presented. The
author concludes that the empirical foundations of environmental justice are so underdeveloped that little can be said with
scientific authority regarding the existence of geographical patterns of disproportionate distributions and their health effects
on minority, low-income, and other disadvantaged communities. If environmental managers and policy-makers do not recognize
the high levels of empirical uncertainty surrounding the issue, they are apt to attribute an empirically unwarranted level
of concreteness to the empirical research findings, thus leading to poorly conceptualized and therefore potentially harmful
policy and management decisions. 相似文献