处理实际生活污水短程硝化好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养

以普通序批反应器(Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR)和气提式序批反应器(Sequencing Batch Airlift Reactor,SBAR)处理低COD/TN的实际生活污水,考察了不同沉淀时间以及反应器类型对快速培养短程硝化好氧颗粒污泥(Aerobic Granular Sludge,AGS)的影响.试验结果表明,沉淀时间为15min时,SBR和SBAR系统中均为全程硝化,当将沉淀时间分别改为5min、8min后的第17d和第16d时,两个反应器中均形成AGS,并且AGS与絮状污泥共存;此时两系统均由全程硝化转化为短程硝化,出水NO2-/(NO2- NO3-)平均值分别长期维持在98.7%和85.6%左右.本试验中以沉淀时间作为选择压,快速启动了具有短程硝化功能的序批式AGS反应器.由于AGS固有结构对氧传质的限制,使亚硝酸氮氧化受阻即抑制了亚硝酸氮氧化细菌的活性,从而产生了亚硝酸氮积累现象.DO是造成本研究中出现短程硝化的主要原因,而pH值、游离氨、温度、污泥龄等因素都不是导致短程硝化的关键因素.污泥颗粒化后,两个系统中NH4 -N降解速率分别提高了2.6倍和2.4倍.     

颗粒污泥沉降动力学模型研究

通过分析颗粒污泥沉降过程的特点,采用颗粒物质干涉沉降规律对颗粒污泥沉降过程进行描述·结合Allen阻力公式,建立了颗粒污泥沉降动力学模型,并用实验和文献数据对模型的可靠性进行了验证,模型预测值误差不超过土8%.应用模型对好氧颗粒污泥沉降速度的模拟实验表明,一般好氧颗粒污泥沉降速度在5～120 m/h,沉降速度随好氧颗粒污泥粒径和密度的增大而增加,沉降过程雷诺数(Re)在1～100,处于Allen阻力区.     

絮凝沉淀法在城市内河水质净化中的应用

通过多种内河水质净化方法的对比,分析了絮凝沉淀法净化内河水质的优势,阐述了絮凝剂投加和絮凝沉淀设备选用的要点,并以福州市安泰河水质净化工程为例,介绍了絮凝沉淀法净化内河水质的应用效果。     

植物滞尘分析及其数学表达模式

在植被的树冠结构分析、植物滞尘机理和粉尘沉降速度半经验公式的基础上,建立了植物滞留大气颗粒物的数学表达式。利用Beta功能函数φθ(X)、叶面的投影面积、叶面积密度a(z)、叶投影面积分布参数Kx、Kz等描述不同植被冠层的结构特征,并分析了冠层内的空气动力变化和树冠内气溶胶的平衡公式。借鉴Slinn的颗粒物沉降半经验公式、Petroffa等的阔叶滞尘计算模式,植物滞尘沉降通量数学表达式以树冠中树叶的位置为变量、由颗粒物在单片树叶上的各物理机制的沉降速度积分而成。结合国内外植物上沉降速度的试验结果和植物滞尘沉降通量公式的分析结果对影响植物滞尘的主要因素进行了比较分析。     

糠醛生产废渣直接转化为复合肥:添加剂(Ⅱ)配方与蒸馏条件的研究

采用复合添加剂 (Ⅱ ) ,主要成分为 :重钙、磷酸、亚硫酸氢钠和碳酸钙等 ,以稻草 (或麦杆 )为原料 ,用硫酸酸化水解制取糠醛 ,硫酸浓度为 6 % (摩尔 % ) ,液固比为 1∶1～ 2∶1 (wt /wt) ,复合添加剂 (Ⅱ )与原料的比为 0 .0 5∶1 (wt/wt) ,出醛率 :稻草为 1 0 % ;麦杆 1 1 % ,废渣全部转化为中性复合肥。     

污泥接种量对好氧污泥颗粒化的影响研究

考察了污泥接种体积分别为25％、50％和75％的反应器有效容积情况下的污泥颗粒化特征。结果发现，25％体积的污泥接种量利于颗粒污泥的形成和成长，其颗粒化程度高、平均粒径大且粒径分布范围广，而50％和75％体积的污泥接种量只能形成少量细小的颗粒污泥。分析认为，悬浮分散污泥是颗粒化的一个较大障碍，较少的接种量能够提供较大的自由沉淀空间，使污泥能够实现重力分层，进而排除与颗粒污泥竞争底物的悬浮不沉降污泥，从而利于颗粒化。污泥颗粒化的直接影响因素不是沉淀时间而是自由沉淀空间。沉淀时间的缩短使自由沉淀空间增加，从而影响了污泥颗粒化进程。     

含油污水中硫化物的处理技术

含油污水中的S2-穿透力强,易使管壁穿孔,破坏管线系统,干扰正常生产。介绍了油田污水中硫化物的处理方法,如加氯法、中和法、曝气法、氧化法、沉淀法。选用氧化法与沉淀法对双河站含硫污水进行了除硫实验,在实验中加入了自制的氧化型药剂Y-1、Y-2及沉淀型药剂F-1、F-2。实验结果表明,采用氧化法时,用Y-1处理剂的效果更好,除硫率均达到93%以上;而采用沉淀法时,用F-1与F-2处理剂的效果相当。当加药量达到最大时,除硫率全部达到99%以上。     

SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION AND DRAWDOWN IN A WATER SUPPLY RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT: The magnitudes and patterns of sediment resuspension are assessed in Cannonsville Reservoir, New York, to quantify and characterize this internal source of sediment. The assessment is based on analyses of sediment trap collections from 10 sites over the spring to fall interval of two years. Temporal and spatial patterns in sediment deposition are demonstrated to be driven by resuspension/redeposition processes. Sediment that had been resuspended and redeposited represented 80 to 96 percent, on average, of the depositing solids collected along the main axis of the lake. About 90 percent of the redeposited sediment was inorganic. Increased resuspension caused by drawdown of the reservoir surface and fall turnover resulted in 10 to 50‐fold increases in deposition rates compared to levels observed when the reservoir was full and strongly thermally stratified. Elevated levels of redeposition from resuspension in the reservoir have been driven by both higher water column concentrations of suspended solids and settling velocities. Recurring longitudinal and lateral gradients in resuspension are delineated, establishing that resuspended solids are transported from the riverine to the lacustrine zone and from near‐shore to pelagic areas. Resuspension is demonstrated to cause increases in inanimate particle (tripton) concentrations. Higher tripton levels have been observed in years with greater drawdown. Water quality impacts of the resuspension phenomenon are considered.     

Evaluating the Applicability of a Two‐dimensional Flow Model of a Highly Heterogeneous Domain to Flow and Environmental Management

Two‐dimensional simulation of highly heterogeneous domains, especially those with disparate length scales, roughness conditions, and geometries, often leads to challenges such as long computation times and numerical instability. Simulation of challenging domains is often needed to guide flood management and environmental regulation agencies in operation and potential domain modifications. This work evaluates the ability of a two‐dimensional unsteady hydrodynamic model to represent long‐duration transient flows over a domain with highly heterogeneous roughness, geometric characteristics, and length scales through bed roughness representation. The domain includes 13 km of Cache Creek and the 14.5 km² Cache Creek Settling Basin, which traps both sediment and mercury. Calibration under different bed roughness methods, validation, and modeling results of bathymetric modification scenarios are presented. The modeling approach's performance supports its application as a tool for management of similar domains, such as settling basins, leveed floodplains, and reservoirs. Accurate representation of flow dynamics can also inform environmental management that involves transport of sediments, nutrients, and heavy metals. This study found that a two‐dimensional unsteady flow model can accurately represent long‐duration transient flow in a large settling basin with highly heterogeneous characteristics without parsing of the domain or flow events simulated.     

颤蚓污泥减容效果及其影响因素分析

通过批沉降实验考察了颤蚓对一系列来源不同、性质不同的活性污泥沉降性能的影响.结果表明,颤蚓污泥减容效果显著.对活性污泥的主要性质指标进行Pearson偏相关分析后.发现污泥本身的污泥沉降比(SV,亦称30min沉降率)和半沉降时间t50是影响颤蚓污泥减容作用的重要因素,而并非污泥浓度TSS和SVI.其中,SV分别与颤蚓作用60min后的污泥减容率η(SV60)及污泥半沉降时间的减少率η(t50)之间显著相关.另外,在污泥性质相同的情况下,颤蚓污泥容积比也是影响颤蚓污泥减容效果的重要因素,单位容积下颤蚓投加量越大,污泥减容率会越高.