拱型屋面弯曲回弹变形、强度和稳定性的研究

计算了拱型屋面弯曲回弹变形 ;分析了在对称和非对称载荷作用下拱型屋面弯曲应力 ;计算了在对称载荷作用下拱型屋面临界载荷 ,计算结果表明 :拱型屋面的破坏不是强度不足 ,而是失稳所致。     

超高速撞击下空间碎片形状效应研究进展

在对国内外超高速撞击条件下空间碎片形状效应研究技术路线进行分析的基础上,介绍了近年来国内外研究人员在超高速撞击条件下形状效应领域的研究现状和最新进展,并立足国内航天器空间碎片防护工程需求现状,结合研究现状和最新进展,探讨了我国未来在超高速撞击条件下空间碎片形状效应研究领域的发展方向。     

Mandible shape in hybrid mice

Hybridisation between closely related species is frequently seen as retarding evolutionary divergence and can also promote it by creating novel phenotypes due to new genetic combinations and developmental interactions. We therefore investigated how hybridisation affects the shape of the mouse mandible, a well-known feature in evo–devo studies. Parental groups corresponded to two strains of the European mouse sub-species Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus. Parents and hybrids were bred in controlled conditions. The mandibles of F₁ hybrids are mostly intermediate between parental phenotypes as expected for a complex multigenic character. Nevertheless, a transgressive effect as well as an increased phenotypic variance characterise the hybrids. This suggests that hybridisation between the two subspecies could lead to a higher phenotypic variance due to complex interactions among the parental genomes including non-additive genetic effects. The major direction of variance is conserved, however, among hybrids and parent groups. Hybridisation may thus play a role in the production of original transgressive phenotypes occurring following pre-existing patterns of variance.     

小型区域形状规整性对环境噪声测量误差的影响分析

本文通过对小型区规整性与环境噪声抽样测量误差的讨论,提出了区域形状的改变对抽样测量误差的影响状况。     

防风网气动特性参数的试验研究

防风网气动特性参数是防风网结构设计中的重要参数.通过风洞试验的方法研究了透风率分别为29.9%和35.4%的蝶形、平板两类防风网的静力风荷载气动特性参数.结果表明,防风网风载体型系数背风面为负值,其绝对值远大于迎风面;迎风面风载体型系数,当透风率较小时为负值,较大时为正值,即防风网向后的吸力是主要作用力. 防风网的压力损失系数、风载体型系数和阻力系数相互紧密联系,其值具有一致性,随着前者的提高,后两者的值也提高,即防风抑尘效果越好,抗风安全性越差.防风网结构设计时,要统筹兼顾,权衡利弊,选其最佳结合点.     

Characteristics of high-sulfate wastewater treatment by two-phase anaerobic digestion process with Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed

A new anaerobic reactor, Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed （JLAFB）, was designed for treating high-sulfate wastewater. The treatment characteristics, including the effect of influent COD/SO42 ratio and alkalinity and sulfide inhibition in reactors, were discussed for a JLAFB and a general anaerobic fiuidized bed （AFB） reactor used as sulfate-reducing phase and methane-producing phase, respectively, in two-phase anaerobic digestion process. The formation of granules in the two reactors was also examined. The results indicated that COD and sulfate removal had different demand of influent COD/SO4^2- ratios. When total COD removal was up to 85%, the ratio was only required up to 1.2, whereas, total sulfate removal up to 95% required it exceeding 3.0. The alkalinity in the two reactors increased linearly with the growth of influent alkalinity. Moreover, the change of influent alkalinity had no significant effect on pH and volatile fatty acids （VFA） in the two reactors. Influent alkalinity kept at 400-500 mg/L could meet the requirement of the treating process. The JLAFB reactor had great advantage in avoiding sulfide and free-H2S accumulation and toxicity inhibition on microorganisms. When sulfate loading rate was up to 8. 1 kg/（m^3.d）, the sulfide and free-H2S concentrations in JLAFB reactor were 58.6 and 49.7 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the granules, with offwhite color, ellipse shape and diameters of 1.0-3.0 mm, could be developed in JLAFB reactor. In granules, different groups of bacteria were distributed in different layers, and some inorganic metal compounds such as Fe, Ca, Mg etc. were found.     

通风和开口形状对地下硐室火灾影响的实验研究

针对狭长通道侧向风和不同开口形状对硐室火灾燃烧状态及火焰溢流现象的影响,利用自主设计搭建的小尺寸实验台对侧向通风条件下地下硐室火灾燃烧规律进行研究。实验设定了200 mm×400 mm,300 mm×300 mm,400 mm×200 mm 3种硐室开口尺寸（长×高）,选取1.2,3.3,5.1 m/s 3种通风速度和13.8,41.4,69.0 kW 3种火源功率。研究结果表明:在侧向风作用下,可燃气更容易被吹出造成火焰溢出燃烧现象;侧向风在中性面上部区域主要起降温作用,在中性面下部区域则起升温作用;通风因子大的开口工况,室内温度更高,也更容易达到轰燃条件;宽且低的开口使得高温气体与通风风流在较低处混合,其结果导致硐室下部温度较高,对火灾初期人员疏散不利。     

障碍物压力反射特性对瓦斯爆炸传播影响的数值模拟研究*

为了研究不同形状障碍物对瓦斯爆炸传播的影响机理,对直径0.2 m、长6.5 m的密闭直管道内的瓦斯爆炸过程进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:在该实验条件下,对于火焰通过整个管道的时间,方形障碍物时间最长,球形障碍物与无障碍物时间接近,且用时最短;无障碍物时,在反射压力波作用下火焰传播速度存在明显的波动特性;有障碍物时,障碍物的诱导作用要大于反射压力波的作用,火焰传播的这种波动特性得到抑制,提升了火焰前锋向未燃区域传播的能力;压力波的波动频率与气流震荡、压力波反射叠加有关,波幅则主要与正向压力波和反射压力波的叠加效果有关。研究结果为煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故防治及隔抑爆技术应用提供技术支撑。     

环境中微量硒形态检测方法

对硒进入生物体的途径和形态进行了讨论,并着重介绍了现已报道使用的硒的形态检测方法。     

郑州市TSP尘源粒径及形貌特征分析

介绍了用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)和电子探针微观分析 (EMA)方法对城市尘源的粒径分布及其形貌特征进行分析研究的情况和结果 ,该方法能清楚地了解尘源样的粒径分布状况形貌特征。