低表面能涂层材料降低海洋生物污损的研究

用浸没法和微量量热法测量了聚四氟乙烯和有机硅氧烷涂层等材料上水的润湿性,计算出涂层表面能色散分量和极性分量,考察这些材料在青岛、厦门海域中的防污性,得出表面能低的色散分量可以延迟藤壶的附着发育过程;有机硅氧烷表面与水高的相互作用力,使表面吸斥盐分,形成淡水液膜,减小了海藻和玻璃海鞘的附着。     

新型表面活性剂溶液对煤尘的润湿性能研究

研究一种自制的聚醚改性硅油类新型表面活性剂(代号JCS-001)溶液对煤尘的润湿性能.Walker实验结果表明,JCS-001溶液润湿煤尘的能力非常强,尤其在临界胶束浓度(CMC)范围内,其润湿性能均大大优于SDBS和TX-100;同时研究了加入氯化钠以及与SDBS或TX-100复配等因素对JCS-001溶液润湿性能的影响,实验结果表明,当JCS-001与SDBS以3:2复配(总浓度为0.5g·L-1)时,所得混合溶液对煤尘的润湿效果达到最佳,最大润湿速度为9.84 mg/s.     

用硅橡胶平板复合膜分离苯酚时总传质系数的影响因素

用硅橡胶平板复合膜处理高浓度含酚废水,测定了体系的总传质系数（Kov）,分析了温度、盐离子强度、跨膜压差（△p）、膜厚度对Kov的影响。实验结果表明：Kov随温度的升高而呈线性增加,传质通量与温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程;当△p〈0．1MPa时,Kov与压力无关;当△p〉0．1MPa时,压差升高可提高传质系数,但会导致膜的致密化;离子强度改变了苯酚在相间的分配系数,进而影响传质过程;膜厚度降低能有效提高膜的Kov;在膜活性皮层厚度4μm、pH12．5～13．0、温度323．15K、废水流量1205mL／min、废水中苯酚质量浓度7．78g/L、无压差和离子强度的条件下,运行8h后,Kov为16．1×10^-7m／s。     

Divergence in sink contributions to population persistence

Population sinks present unique conservation challenges. The loss of individuals in sinks can compromise persistence; but conversely, sinks can improve viability by improving connectivity and facilitating the recolonization of vacant sources. To assess the contribution of sinks to regional population persistence of declining populations, we simulated source–sink dynamics for 3 very different endangered species: Black‐capped Vireos (Vireo atricapilla) at Fort Hood, Texas, Ord's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii) in Alberta, and Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in the northwestern United States. We used empirical data from these case studies to parameterize spatially explicit individual‐based models. We then used the models to quantify population abundance and persistence with and without long‐term sinks. The contributions of sink habitats varied widely. Sinks were detrimental, particularly when they functioned as strong sinks with few emigrants in declining populations (e.g., Alberta's Ord's kangaroo rat) and benign in robust populations (e.g., Black‐capped Vireos) when Brown‐headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism was controlled. Sinks, including ecological traps, were also crucial in delaying declines when there were few sources (e.g., in Black‐capped Vireo populations with no Cowbird control). Sink contributions were also nuanced. For example, sinks that supported large, variable populations were subject to greater extinction risk (e.g., Northern Spotted Owls). In each of our case studies, new context‐dependent sinks emerged, underscoring the dynamic nature of sources and sinks and the need for frequent re‐assessment. Our results imply that management actions based on assumptions that sink habitats are generally harmful or helpful risk undermining conservation efforts for declining populations.     

浅议橡胶废水处理技术

论述了生物载体生化法处理橡胶废水的工艺技术.通过生产性试验和正在用该工艺运行的两家橡胶加工厂废水处理情况看,COD的去除率可达95%以上,出水水质稳定,可达标排放.运行成本为0.35元/m3,经济效益和环境效益都很显著.     

石家庄某橡胶制品有限公司生产废水处理

介绍了用物化法(气浮 过滤)处理橡胶制品废水的工程实例，并对该工艺进行了简单的说明。经过本工艺处理的橡胶制品废水可以直接回用。     

顺丁橡胶装置技术改造的环境保护设计

介绍了顺丁橡胶装置技术改造的环境保护设计和设计原则，以及污染物的治理措施。     

生物法净化再生胶生产废气工业试验研究

在再生橡胶厂进行橡胶再生低浓度有机废气的生物法净化工业试验研究，对于甲苯浓度为300～1400mg/m^3的再生胶脱硫废气，在常温常压下以气体流量10～20m^3/h、循环液体喷淋量300～500L/h运行生物法废气净化装置获得了良好物净化效果。该装置连续运行100d的结果显示，其对再生胶废气中甲苯的净化效率可较长时间的保持在90%左右，废气经处理后可以实现达标排放，废气处理成本约为工厂再生胶产值的0.12%～0.14%，具有明显的技术先进性和经济合理性。     

Two-Step Cultivation Method for Microbial Disintegration of Tire Rubber Particles

A rubber-degrading strain of Nocardia was cultured on tread rubber particles from a truck tire by a two-step cultivation method. At the first step, the culture medium was either not agitated or stirred at very slow rate of 40 rpm for one or 2 weeks. At the second step, the culture medium was stirred at relatively higher stirring rate of 150 or 300 rpm for seven or six weeks. It was found that the rate of disintegration was greatly increased and the weight losses of the particles with diameters of about 2.3 mm were as high as 40% in the two-step method and only 20–30% in a one-step method in which the stirring rate was kept constant throughout the culture period. With this method, microbial colonization and disintegration were depressed particularly at the corners of the cubic particles and characteristic protuberant structures were observed at the corners after the removal of microbial cells by washing.     

工程橡胶压缩实验和缓冲特性分析

目的研究天然橡胶、丁基橡胶和发泡橡胶等典型工程橡胶的压缩变形行为和缓冲特性。方法首先总结橡胶材料特性和工程案例,进行三类橡胶的准静态和动态压缩试验,获取材料的应力-应变关系和压缩特性。并以此为基础,给出橡胶缓冲特性表征方法,进而对比和定量分析不同橡胶的缓冲特性。结果压缩实验结果显示,不同橡胶材料的压缩变形行为基本一致。缓冲特性分析表明,在相同应变水平下,实心橡胶的缓冲吸能能力明显强于发泡橡胶,而在相同应力水平下,橡胶材料的缓冲吸能能力则与材料实际所处受力区域有关。因此,在工程中选取橡胶缓冲材料时,应当考虑其所处的应力环境。结论根据不同橡胶材料的缓冲规律给出其对应的冲击防护适用场景,以此形成判据,从而为橡胶防护结构材料的选择提供参考。