大连市马栏河污水排海工程环境效益分析

运用平流输运扩散模型对大连市马栏河污水排海工程岸边排放和深水排放的海水水质进行预测,分析比较了两种排放方式的水质状况。结果表明,与同等排放量岸边排放方式比较,在经一级处理深水排放情况下,受纳污水水体的海水质量状况大大改善,符合海洋功能区划(二类水质标准)的要求,混合区面积大大小于《污水海洋处置工程污染控制标准》(GWKB4-2000)对混合区范围的要求。     

环境风险评价中化学品苯泄漏的大气环境影响研究

以苯泄漏的大气影响为研究对象,模拟一起典型的突发性环境风险事故.依据<建设项目环境风险评价技术导则>,采用导则推荐的伯努利方程、质量蒸发量公式计算物质泄漏的源强,利用多烟团模式模拟计算其对环境的影响,预测出不同时间不同距离处的影响程度.根据这一预测结果,针对性地提出风险防范及应急措施,为环境风险事故的应急处置提供依据.     

模拟室内环境下掺杂TiO_2纳米晶体的光催化性能

采用环境测试舱模拟可见光下的室内环境,以甲醛气体的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了通过溶胶-凝胶法分别制备的8种（银Ag、铜Cu、铁Fe、钨W、铈Ce、镧La、硫S和氯C l）掺杂TiO2纳米晶体的光催化活性及对甲醛气体的去除效果。用X射线衍射、激光粒度分析和紫外-可见分光光谱表征了掺杂钠米TiO2的微晶尺寸、晶体结构与光学性能。结果表明,Cu掺杂可以提高TiO2对氧的吸附能力,减少纳米粒子表面光生电子与光生空穴的复合,使TiO2的光吸收带边发生红移且有利于对可见光的吸收,从而使Cu掺杂TiO2在模拟室内环境下光催化甲醛气体的能力得到明显提高。     

仿生矿化法制备壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合粒子对猩红B光催化降解研究

用仿生矿化法制备了壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合粒子,并用于可见光光催化降解猩红B染料模拟废水,系统地研究了染料初始浓度、pH值、催化剂投加量、光照情况和催化剂重复使用等因素对猩红B的光解脱色效率的影响。结果表明,当pH=3.0,催化剂投加量为0.7 g/L的条件下,对初始溶液为20 mg/L的猩红B模拟废水,60 min之内脱色率超过96%。酸性媒介比碱性媒介更有利于猩红B染料光解脱色。实验范围内Br^-、NO^-₃和Cl^-等无机阴离子,均对降解脱色有促进作用,其中NO₃^-对脱色作用促进最显著。处理前后的UV-Vis谱图分析表明猩红B在壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合粒子可见光光解处理过程中脱色是因为染料发生氧化光降作用。催化剂重复利用5次后,处理60 min对猩红B的脱色率仍可达到80.7%。     

模拟室内环境下掺杂TiO2纳米晶体的光催化性能

采用环境测试舱模拟可见光下的室内环境,以甲醛气体的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了通过溶胶-凝胶法分别制备的8种(银Ag、铜Cu、铁Fe、钨W、铈Ce、镧La、硫S和氯C1)掺杂TiO2纳米晶体的光催化活性及对甲醛气体的去除效果.用X射线衍射、激光粒度分析和紫外-可见分光光谱表征了掺杂钠米TiO2的微晶尺寸、晶体结构与光学性能.结果表明,Cu掺杂可以提高TiO2对氧的吸附能力,减少纳米粒子表面光生电子与光生空穴的复合,使TiO2的光吸收带边发生红移且有利于对可见光的吸收,从而使Cu掺杂TiO2在模拟室内环境下光催化甲醛气体的能力得到明显提高.     

Photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 62 over CuO-SnO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst under simulated sunlight

The novel CuO-SnO2 nanocomposite oxide photocatalysts were prepared by simple co-precipitation method, and characterized by X- ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption measurement and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of CuO-SnO2, evaluated using the photodegradation of Acid Blue 62 as a probe reaction under the irradiation of Xenon light, were also found to be related to the calcination temperature and the molar ratio of Cu to Sn. The maximum photocatalytic activity of the CuO-SnO2 photocatalyst was observed to be calcined at 500~C for 3 h （the molar ratio of Cu to Sn was 1：1） due to the sample with good crystallization and high surface area. It also showed much higher photocatalytic activity in treatment dye wastewater under simulated sunlight irradiation compared to Degussa P25 TiO2.     

自然大气环境结构材料试验装置可行性研究

通过建立"腐蚀环境综合试验仓"、"温度、湿度、日照、淋雨综合试验仓"、"高原环境试验仓"三个大型试验仓,构建成可模拟我国不同地域大气环境,可针对大尺寸工程构件,系统开展环境适应性评价的实验装置.     

Leaching and persistence of ametryn and atrazine in red–yellow latosol

This study evaluated the mobility and persistence of atrazine and ametryn in red–yellow latosols using polyvinyl chloride columns with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 15 cm. The assays simulated 60-mm rainfall events at 10-day intervals for 70 days. The persistence and leaching were evaluated for these two herbicides. The analytes obtained from the samples were quantified by gas chromatography using flame ionization detection. Compared with ametryn, atrazine showed a greater potential to reach depths below 15 cm over 30 days of simulated rain. Ametryn, however, showed greater persistence in soil at 70 days after application. The persistence of atrazine and ametryn in soil under sunlight was 10 and 144 days respectively. Atrazine was more susceptible to sunlight than ametryn because sunlight favored atrazine degradation in hydroxyatrazine. The results indicate that in red–yellow latosol, atrazine has a high leaching potential in short term, but that ametryn is more persistent and has a high leaching potential in long term.     

La_2O_3-TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La2O3-Ti O2光催化剂;运用XRD,UV-Vis DRS,BET技术对光催化剂进行了表征;并以太阳光为光源,研究了不同制备条件及光反应条件下La2O3-Ti O2对罗丹明B的降解效果。实验结果表明:最佳制备条件为镧掺杂量(硝酸镧与钛酸丁酯的质量比)0.9%、焙烧温度500℃、焙烧时间2 h;该条件下制备的光催化剂为中孔结构(平均孔径3.867 nm),禁带宽度小(2.07 e V),Ti O2为锐钛矿相;在光催化剂投加量为2 g/L、溶液p H为3的最佳光反应条件下反应4 h,La2O3-Ti O2对罗丹明B的降解率达99.7%,远高于N-Ti O2的42.0%;重复使用5次的La2O3-Ti O2光催化剂仍对罗丹明B保持较高的降解率(98.5%)。     

机载设备快速减压试验技术研究

近几年国内外相继发生了多起民航客机因机舱失压而造成的事故,产生了十分严重的后果.本文从机载设备环境适应性的角度出发,分析了快速减压环境产生的原因、失效模式、失效机理,并提出了预防措施;对几种快速减压试验标准进行了对比分析,提出改进建议.最后介绍了快速减压环境模拟技术.