Acute toxic effects of phenanthrene on Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis北大核心CSCD

Phenanthrene is a persistent organic pollutant frequently found in aquatic environments. This paper aimed to assess the acute effects (96 h) of phenanthrene on Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), a key economic aquatic animal in China. An acute semi-static toxic test was carried out to expose E. sinensis to water-borne phenanthrene with different concentrations (1.00, 1.63, 2.65, 4.31 and 7.00 mg L-1) for 96 hours. Mortality and toxic reactions were used as effect criteria. Furthermore, the oxidative stress relative biomarkers (activities of CAT, SOD, GST and content of MDA in hepatopancreas and gills) were measured for E. sinensis exposed to four lower concentrations of phenanthrene (1.00, 1.63, 2.65 and 4.31 mg L-1). The median lethal concentration (LC50) for 24,48 and 96 hour phenanthrene exposure was 16.7, 2.96 and 2.14 mg L-1, respectively; and the safe concentration (SC) of phenanthrene on E. sinensis was 0.214 mg L-1. Phenanthrene significantly increased the activity of CAT in hepatopancreas and gills, and showed a significant dose-effect relationship in hepatopancreas. Bell-shape response patterns were found in the activities of GST and SOD in the hepatopancreas and gills, with significant increases of hepatopancreas GST at 1.00 and 1.63 mg L-1 (P < 0.05), and a significant decrease at 4.31mg L-1 (P < 0.05). Phenanthrene significantly increased the contents of gills MDA at 2.65mg L-1 and hepatopancreas MDA at all four concentrations of phenanthrene. Phenanthrene, especially of high concentration, is highly toxic on E. sinensis, causing lipid peroxidative damage and even acute mortality. Meanwhile, E. sinensis can adapt to lower concentrations of phenanthrene by increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GST. Because the CAT and GST activities of the gill and hepatopancreas are very sensitive to the presence of high-concentration phenanthrene, they can be used as highly sensitive biomarkers for phenanthrene polluted water.     

Predicting the Range of Chinese Mitten Crabs in Europe

Abstract:  Ecological niche modeling provides a means for predicting the potential future distribution of a nonindigenous species based on environmental characteristics of the species' native range. We applied this method to the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) , a catadromous crustacean with a long history of invasion in Europe. We used genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction to predict the potential European distribution of mitten crab based on its distribution in 42 locations in its native Asia. The climatic variables, air temperature, number of days, amount of precipitation, and wetness index, contributed significantly to predictions of native distribution limits. Although the genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction model was developed for the native range, the species' extensive distribution in Europe ( n = 434) allowed independent validation of the predictions. Application of the model to Europe was successful, with 84% of occurrences in regions predicted to be suitable by >80% of the models and <4% of occurrences in areas predicted suitable by <50% of the models (mainly along the northern range). At the watershed scale, areas with established mitten crab populations had significantly higher habitat matching than sites that were not invaded. The independent validation of the Asian-based model by the European distribution revealed that predictions were highly accurate. The model also identified large areas of Europe, particularly along the Mediterranean coast, as vulnerable to future invasion. These predictions can be used to develop strategies to control the spread of mitten crab by preventing introductions into vulnerable areas.     

铅暴露致中华鲟（Acipenser sinensis）幼鱼弯曲畸形与畸形恢复(Exposure of Lead to Juvenile Acipenser sinensis: Effects on Body Deformation and Recovery)

铅是一种常见的污染物,在水环境中广泛分布并在水生食物链中富集,具有持久的生态效应.中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)是我国特有的珍稀濒危大型洄游性鱼类,极具学术价值和生态价值.为了探索中华鲟在生命早期接触铅后的损伤和自我修复机制,采用水溶液静态置换法,从中华鲟受精卵发育至96h开始,进行了16周的Pb2+暴露试验,随后继续6周的排放试验.结果显示:经0.8mg·L-1和1.6mg·L-1的Pb2+暴露16周,中华鲟幼鱼会发生弯曲畸形,而0.2mg·L-1Pb2+暴露组未出现畸形个体.畸形弯曲位置主要发生在近胸鳍起点处以及背鳍起点至尾鳍末端之间,多伴有尾鳍末端下垂.Pb2+暴露浓度越高,畸形弯曲越严重,但未见椎骨变形.畸形个体的自主活动能力和摄食能力明显降低.Pb2+排放后,畸形个体的弯曲程度由重度向轻度转变而恢复正常,弯曲程度越轻恢复越快,畸形恢复个体的自主活动能力和摄食能力均明显得到恢复并逐渐复原.表明中华鲟幼鱼具有较强的排铅能力和铅损伤后的自我修复能力.     

中华绒螯蟹幼蟹饥饿代谢研究

于1998年10～12月在华东师范大学生物学系动物学实验室,对体重为(1.42±0.69)g的幼蟹在(20±0.5)℃温度条件下进行饥饿实验,研究了饥饿对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹代谢的影响.结果表明,经过30d的饥饿处理,幼蟹的耗氧率降低为摄食状态的45.8%;CO2排出率减小为摄食状态的54.1%;NH3-N排泄率减小为62.3%.耗氧率和CO2排出率、NH3-N排泄率的变化差别较大,耗氧率和CO2排出率的减小可分为4个阶段,而NH3-N排泄率的减小仅可分3个阶段.与此同时,幼蟹的标准代谢水平同样受到饥饿的影响,饥饿30d后,由8.15Jg-1h-1减小为3.97Jg-1h-1;在饥饿幼蟹的代谢中,脂肪消耗最多,其次是碳水化合物.图2表2参18     

虫草头孢菌发酵废液成分分析及其再利用

利用高效液相色谱法、氨基酸自动分析法和分光光谱法对虫草头抱菌发酵液成分进行了测定和分析,发现内含多种营养成分,完全有可能再次利用．用由该发酵液经加热、加活性炭和中药添加剂处理制备而成的组合培养液来培养哈茨木霉,具有产孢量高、培养成本低的优点．试验还发现,以组合培养液和麦麸为主要成分的新型固体培养基完全可以代替纯麦麸培养基．