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941.
942.
943.
不同驯化方式对以苯酚为基质的微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以厌氧污泥作为初始接种体,构建了单室微生物燃料电池(MFCs),考察了梯度驯化、直接驯化和间接驯化3种不同驯化方式对MFC降解苯酚及产电性能的影响。结果表明,MFC在闭路状态下对苯酚的降解速率比MFC在开路状态下的苯酚降解速率加快10%~20%,说明MFC在产电的同时,可加速苯酚的降解。当以600 mg/L的苯酚溶液为单一燃料,反应68 h后,3种驯化方式下的MFC对苯酚降解率都达到90%以上。相对于其他2种驯化方式,梯度驯化条件最有利于MFC产电性能的提高及苯酚的降解,其最大输出功率为31.3 mW/m2,降解速率提高了7%~20%。 相似文献
944.
实验主张将餐厨固体垃圾和餐厨废水分开处理,并研究微生物燃料电池(MFC)作为餐厨废水和堆肥渗滤液处理工艺的可行性,通过调节不同的有机负荷,分析其生物产电的潜力和处理效率。对于餐厨废水而言,3 000 mg/L是较为理想的处理浓度,输出电压最高,始终维持在0.5 V以上;高于此浓度时电压输出特性与底物浓度呈现反相关,输出电压略低于0.5 V。极化曲线,电化学阻抗分析等也都表明3 000 mg/L是较为理想的处理浓度。而且在各种浓度下经MFC处理后的餐厨废水去除率均在90%左右,出水COD均低于400 mg/L。至于堆肥渗滤液,虽然在产电性能、去除效果上较餐厨废水稍差一些,但整体上与餐厨废水呈现出相似的规律。以上结果表明,餐厨垃圾中的废水可以通过MFC有效的去除和实现能量的回收。 相似文献
945.
946.
构建了单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC),研究了苯酚含量对以苯酚和葡萄糖为底物的MFC产电性能及苯酚去除率的影响。实验结果表明:当CODB(苯酚贡献的COD)为0时,MFC的运行周期为36 h,最大输出电压为560 m V,最大功率密度为489 m W/m2;CODB为1 000 mg/L时,MFC的运行周期为54 h,最大输出电压为436 m V,最大功率密度为98 m W/m2;当CODB为200 mg/L时,MFC的COD去除率、苯酚去除率和库伦效率(CE)均达到最大,分别为89.7%、99.9%和7.2%,同时,MFC的阳极生物膜产生的氧化峰电流最高,表明在葡萄糖-苯酚双底物对微生物的协同作用下,MFC的阳极生物膜氧化性最强;随着CODB的增大,COD去除率、苯酚去除率和CE均逐渐减小,说明苯酚的抑制作用导致微生物活性降低。 相似文献
947.
通过实验室水培试验研究不同浓度处理水平下Cu、Cd、Hg单一及其复合污染对少根紫萍叶绿素及脯氨酸浓度的影响。经观察分析,培养4天后,各处理组均呈现出不同程度的受害症状。同一浓度处理水平下,单一重金属污染对少根紫萍叶绿素的生态毒性效应为Cd>Cu>Hg。复合污染中Cu+Cd和Hg+Cu+Cd对叶绿素的影响则表现为协同作用;Cd+Hg复合浓度≤6.0+4.0mg/L时表现为拮抗作用,复合浓度>6.0+4.0mg/L时表现为协同作用;Cu+Hg复合浓度≤0.4+4.0mg/L时表现为协同作用;复合浓度>0.4+4.0mg/L时表现为拮抗作用。随处理浓度的递增,脯氨酸含量均表现出一显著抗性峰,而后下降。 相似文献
948.
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been found in plastic food containers, paper currencies and toys. BPA has been reported for various adverse health concerns including reproduction, development and carcinogenesis. These potential health implications have led to increasing use of alternative bisphenols such as bisphenol F and bisphenol S among many. However, little is known about the toxicity of alternative bisphenols and most of the toxicological information is limited to endocrine disrupting potentials. In this study, we evaluated cytotoxicity and the genotoxic potentials of several bisphenol compounds, and identified the mechanism of genotoxicity using a panel of mutant chicken DT40 cell lines deficient in DNA repair pathways. Several bisphenols including bisphenol AP, bisphenol M, or bisphenol P exerted genotoxic potentials that are greater than that of BPA. Generally RAD54−/− mutant cells were the most sensitive to all bisphenols except for bisphenol F, suggesting the induction of DNA double-strand breaks that could be rescued by homologous recombination. Genotoxic potential of bisphenols was confirmed by chromosomal aberration assay and γ-H2AX foci forming assay between wild-type and RAD54−/− mutant. Among the tested bisphenols, BPP at 12.5 μM showed the greatest genotoxic potency, inducing chromosomal aberration and γ-H2AX foci in RAD54−/− mutant by 2.6 and 4.8 folds greater than those in wild-type, respectively. Our results clearly show several alternative bisphenols can cause genotoxicity that could be rescued by homologous recombination pathway, and some bisphenols induced even greater genotoxic potentials than that of BPA. 相似文献
949.
Mari Egawa Kentaro Aoki Yongkun Sun Toshiyuki Hosokawa Takeshi Saito Masaaki Kurasaki 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):196-204
Alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acids (parabens), an endocrine disrupter, are used as preservatives in cosmetics and foods. In this study, to understand the relationship between parabens and differentiation in infants, the effects of parabens on apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in PC12 cells were investigated. In addition, apoptosis-related factors were assayed. As results, a tendency toward enhancement of apoptosis was observed in the cells cultured in the serum-free medium with methylparaben, and this tendency was suggested to be related to the contents of BAD, a pro-apoptotic protein. Butylparaben did not show any tendency to enhance apoptosis. 相似文献
950.
Jui-Hung Yen Jin-Shu Chang Pin-Jui Huang Yei-Shung Wang 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):681-689
The impact of fungicides triadimefon and propiconazole on soil bacterial populations from a strawberry field was investigated. Two fungicides were applied to the soil at concentrations of 10 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg with soil water contents 20.2% (fresh soil water content) or 26.0% (field capacity). Changes in bacterial communities were assessed using DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rDNA and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized to detect the residue of fungicides in soils. The results showed that propiconazole was more persistent than triadimefon in soils, and the two soil water contents did not cause significant differences in dissipation rates between the two fungicides. A high concentration of propiconazole could inhibit the existence of soil microbes while one of triadimefon might induce the microbial population in the first stage. From unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrograms, the effect of triadimefon and propiconazole at the two applied concentrations on a soil bacterial community could be long term. After triadimefon was applied for 60 days and propiconazole for 75 days, the compositions of microbial communities were not recovered. From the viewpoint of environmental protection, it was of significant importance to pay more attention not only to the residues of pesticide but also to the change in soil microbial communities. 相似文献