我国部分河流重金属水-固分配系数及在河流质量基准研究中的应用

计算了我国部分河流天然物理化学条件下重金属在水相－颗粒物相间的分配系数,长江水系重金属水－固分配系数大于黄河反映了颗粒物度组成的差异,而长江口重金属－固分配系数大于长江武汉段则反映了离子强度的影响,在此基础上,运用平衡分配法根据实测天然分配系数尝试了长江,黄河沉积物某重金属的质量基准。     

滇池、洱海水及沉积物中重金属元素的行为

洱海水中重金属元素的含量不同,平均值以１０＾－９计算：Ｃｕ１．６,Ｐｂ０．５９,Ｚｎ９．８,Ｃｄ０．００９,Ｃｒ０．２４,水质较好;沉积物中每一样品同一元素的含量一般均趋于平均值,以１０＾－６计算：Ｃｕ１１１,Ｐｂ６０,Ｚｎ１２７,Ｃｄ０．５９１,Ｃｒ１３０。因此,洱海至今仍是一个较清洁的湖泊。滇池水质较差,内草海段水中重金属元素含量明显上升,以１０＾－９计算：Ｃｕ５．８,Ｐｂ０．５５,Ｚｎ３２,     

大气环境质量的物元分析评价法

为了探索物元分析评价法用大气象环境质量评价的可行性和合理性,应用物元分析方法构建大气环境质量的综合评价模型,并将该方法用于实例分析。结果表明,物元分析方法用于大气环境质量评价是可行的。      

重庆缙云山四川大头茶常绿阔叶林重金属元素的累积与生物循环

四川大头茶,常绿阔叶林,重金属,循环,净化     

鄱阳湖流域重金属污染评价与分析

为分析评价鄱阳湖流域重金属积累污染情况,采集流域内沉积物及土壤样品,测定其Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、As、Hg含量以及pH、氧化还原电位(Eh)、有机质(SOM)以及黏粒含量等理化参数,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法评价流域内沉积物及土壤的重金属污染水平,利用相关性分析法及主成分分析法解析重金属污染的影响因素...     

高分子重金属絮凝剂对 Hg2+的捕集及性能

以含Hg^2 废水作为处理对象,研究了几个影响高分子重金属絮凝剂去除水中Hg^2 的因素,实验表明：(1)pH值对Hg^2 的去除率影响不大;(2)水中某些二价离子的存在不仅不会消耗高分子重金属絮凝剂的用量,而且会促进螯合体MHM-Hg^2 絮凝沉淀,Hg^2 的去除率在99％以上,而一价金属离子对处理效果影响不大;(3)Hg^2 和致浊物质会互相促进彼此的去除,浊度的去除率在98％以上,Hg^2 的去除率在99％以上;(4)高分子重金属絮凝剂对重金属离子具有选择性,可将部分重金属离子从其它离子中分离开、回收再利用．     

Environmental risk assessment for trisodium [S,S]-ethylene diamine disuccinate, a biodegradable chelator used in detergent applications

Environmental safety data are presented for [S,S]-Ethylene Diamine Disuccinate ([S,S]EDDS), a new, biodegradable, strong transition metal chelator. An environmental risk assessment for its use in detergent applications, which takes into account the chelating properties of [S,S]-EDDS, is proposed.

A property of [S,S]-EDDS that distinguishes it from other strong transition metal chelators is its, “ready” and transparent (no recalcitrant metabolites) biodegradation profile. Because its sorption to activated sludge solids is low ( Kp of 40 1/kg), removal of [S,S]EDDS during sewage treatment, which is greater than 96% as determined by the Continuous Activated Sludge test , is mainly ascribed to biodegradation. At projected use volumes in detergent applications [S,S] - EDDS predicted steady-state concentration in rivers leaving the mixing zone will be below 5 pg/I due to rapid biodegradation. [S,S]-EDDS exhibits low toxicity to fish and Daphnia ( both EC₅₀s> 1000 mg/l). By contrast, due to limitation of the algal test for chelators apparent toxicity was observed (EC₅₀ = 0.290 mg/l, NOEC - No observable Effect Concentration = 0.125 mg/l). Schowanek et al. [1] demonstrated that this is not toxicity sensu stricto but a chelation effect of trace metals in the test medium and of resulting essential nutrients limitation. This requires specific attention when the results of algal toxicity are to be extrapolated to a field situation to perform realistic risk assessment. Metal speciation calculations, using MINEQL+, show that at the predicted environmental concentrations of [S,S] - EDDS (1–5 μg/l), such a chelation effect would be insignificant. These calculations allow to estimate the NOEC for chelation effects in the field to be in the range of 0.250-0.500 mg/l, depending on the background water chemistry. These values are well above the laboratory NOEC.

An environmental risk assessment was performed using the EUSES (1.0) program. EUSES is currently the EU recommended tool for conducting risk assessments (TGD 1995). It was applied to estimate the river water and soil concentrations from production, formulation and private use life stages. The estimated PEC/PNEC ratio in all relevant environmental compartments is smaller than 1, indicating “no immediate concern” at the anticipated usage level.     

Implementation and evaluation of the Safety Element Method at four mining sites

The Safety Element Method (SEM) is a method for improvements of safety results and safety approaches in the Norwegian mining industry. The method is developed by users and researchers in co-operation. The main approach of the method is that a group of organisational members assesses the current and desired situation for their own organisation within defined areas. Based on this assessment they work out a strategy and action plan to reach the internal goals for desired achievement, i.e. the desired situation defined. This article presents the implementation of the method in four mining companies and evaluates the method for its construct validity, criterion validity, face validity, how the method functions and is accepted among the users. The results show that the opinions regarding the experiences with the method are, on the whole, positive. The method is regarded as a valuable approach towards safety improvements. Subjective assessments play a prominent role in SEM, but these assessments are supported by an extensive review of empirical data such as accident reports, interview results and a questionnaire. This means that the internal assessments correspond well to the safety results of the companies and also to the independent external reviews carried out by the researcher.     

污染稻、麦籽实中Cd、Cu、Pb的分布及其存在形态初探

采用组织化学及溶剂提取法研究了污染水稻、小麦籽实中Cd、Cu、Pb的分布及存在形态．结果表明,3种金属元素在水稻、小麦籽实各形态结构中的浓度具有明显不均一性,胚中浓度显著高于胚乳,颖壳,皮层中浓度也较高;糙米、麦粒中的Cd、Cu、Pb在去离子水、0.1mol EDTA、1％醋酸、2.5％　NaCl、0.2％NaOH、70％乙醇中的溶出比例有显著差异;综合2项试验结果可以看出Cd、Cu、Pb在籽实中主要与谷物成分结合形成配合物,其优势形态是蛋白质结合态．     

CuO对贵金属/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂的作用

制备含少量贵金属Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ的不同Ｃｕ和Ｃｅ摩尔含量比（０：１０,１：９,２：８）的催化剂,实验条件十加入ＣｕＯ可以提高Ｐｔ催化剂的二效活性;加入Ｃｕ：Ｃｅ＝２：８的ＣｕＯ降低了Ｐｄ催化剂的顾效性能,然而Ｃｕ：Ｃｅ＝１：９时可以改善Ｐｄ催化剂的三效催化性能。通过结构分析,认为ＣｕＯ的存在可以提高ｄ催化剂的比表面积,ＰｄＯ的分散度。