小流域地段景观生态设计研究——以大别山巴河上游地段为例

在实地调查研究的基础上，分析了巴河上游流域地段的景观结构功能与演替及流域治理存在的问题，切中流域生态环境变化的要害——水土流失问题。在区内景观带自然分异的基础上，进行了流域景观生态设计。     

流域跨界水污染纠纷对策研究

本文介绍了国内外广泛存在的严重流域跨界水污染纠纷问题，结合我国流域的实际情况，提出了污染物人工调控和污染物间接不影响等几个基本假定，构建了流域跨界水污染纠纷顺序决策模型，并用此模型解释了我国严重的流域跨界水污染纠纷问题；针对目前的状况，提出了改进污染物削减指令配额管理体制，建立合作协调管理体制的对策；通过对淮河流域跨界水污染纠纷的实证分析时比了两种管理体制的优劣，最后分析了影响合作协调管理体制的诸多因素。     

长江流域经济一体化下的中游地区产业发展研究

由于市场经济尚不完善，行政条块分割，地区产业缺乏一体化的统筹考虑等原因，我国地区产业同构现象严重，地区之间缺乏有效的产业关联与协作，区域整体效益差。随着我国市场经济体制的逐步完善，地区间的行政壁垒逐步拆除，区域经济势必在市场作用下走向一体化，产业发展也将趋于地区特色化，区域间的产业联系也日益密切，先前地区割据局面将逐步打破。从这个观点出发，以长江流域经济的逐步一体化为前提，在分析中游地区产业成长环境和比较优势的基础上，探讨了中游地区在长江产业带中的产业地位和分工；比较研究了资源导向型，出口导向型，中心城市带动型，智力发展型的不同发展战略在中游地区实施的可行性，提出中游地区应充分利用我国中西部市场逐渐开拓，沿海地区产业升级过程中大量的初中级制造加工业向内地转移的机遇以及沿江航运及水资源优势，发展成为区内进口替代－－面向区外市场的农业和制造业的半成品和最终产品的加工基地。     

Transformation of Particle-Bound Phosphorus at the Land–Sea Interface in a Danish Estuary

Danish rivers carry >50% of the phosphorus (P) transport as particulate P (PP). In five of six rivers sampled in November 1998 iron-bound P made up > 59% of PP and loosely adsorbed P ranged between 2% and 13%. This fraction could potentially be released in 14‰ seawater. The behaviour of dissolved and particulate P fractions was studied during seven month in a 2 km long estuary with low freshwater retention time and low tidal range. The river carried ∼10% of PP as loosely adsorbed P but increased concentrations of dissolved inorganic P (DIP) relative to the estuarine mixing line was only observed in the summer month with low freshwater flow and was more likely due to DIP release from the bottom sediment. Instead estuarine particles were always enriched with oxidized iron (ox.Fe) and iron-bound P as well as loosely adsorbed P and during May–September this coincided with increasing concentration of PP in estuary. We suggest that flocculation of ox.Fe and adsorption of DIP onto the particles with subsequent transport seawards is a major loss process for P during the summer month. During winter month where 85% of the run-off occurs the dominant process in the estuary is sedimentation of larger particles, however, a comparison of river particles with surface sediment clearly reveals that most PP is mobilized again from the bottom sediments.     

LINE SOURCE DISPERSION WITH APPLICATION TO MIXING IN RIVER CHANNELS1

ABSTRACT: Two-dimensional solutions for transient dispersion of nonconservative dispersants in uniform flow resulting from a transverse line source of variable concentration are obtained using multiple integral transformations. In general, the solutions are in integral forms, which can be efficiently evaluated using Filon's quadratures. Examples are presented for cases of practical interest. Applicability of the solution for modeling dispersion in natural river channel where the distribution of flows across the channel are nonuniform is discussed.     

HYDROLOGIC EFFECTS OF CLEARCUTTING AND STRIPCUTTING LOBLOLLY PINE IN THE COASTAL PLAIN1

ABSTRACT: Harvesting 29-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations on six small catchments in the Coastal Plain of west Tennessee caused variable but generally minor increases of storm-flow volumes during the four years following harvest. The increases were primarily associated with decreases of rainfall interception rather than with soil disturbance. Harvesting had no effect on stormflow volumes in six nearby catchments of 37-year-old loblolly pine to which the same treatments were applied. Postharvest increases of flow-weighted sediment concentrations averaged higher for the catchments with greater flows at both locations. During the fourth through eighth years after harvest, average sediment concentrations for harvested catchments at each location approximated closely the base rate of 62 mg L^-1 previously defined for undisturbed pine types. Thus, relatively minor postharvest increases of stormflow volumes in the six 29-year-old plantations and increases of sediment concentrations in all 12 catchments were limited to about four years. Nevertheless, because of potential channel erosion, the findings confirm the need to extend stream management zones well up into drainages with intermittent and ephemeral flows wherever water quality is a concern. Despite certain undesirable effects of logging (baring of mineral soil, decreased weight and depth of forest floor, increased soil bulk density), the results demonstrate the high resilience developed by pine planted on severely eroded sites in the southern Coastal Plain.     

辽河表层沉积物多环芳烃分布、来源及生态风险评价

检测了辽河表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃的含量,含量范围为184～2260ng／g,平均值为514ng／g,与世界其他河流、河口和海岸带相比,多环芳烃污染水平相对偏低。特征化合物荧蒽／（荧蒽＋芘）与茚并[1,2,3-c,d]芘／（茚并[1,2,3-c,d]芘＋苯并[g,h,i]苝）的比值表明辽河沉积物中的多环芳烃主要来源于燃烧产物。生态风险评价表明,辽河沉积物可能存在着对生物的潜在危害,区域多环芳烃的生态风险处于较低水平。     

陆相沉积盆地二氧化碳地质储存评价技术探讨

二氧化碳的地质储存是减少二氧化碳向大气环境排放、控制全球气候变暖的重要措施。本文针对陆相沉积盆地的CO2地质储存的储层特征、储存机理、水岩作用、安全性、适宜性、场地勘察、监测技术和经济效益等方面的研究内容与评价技术进行了探讨,以为我国未来利用二氧化碳地质储存技术减少二氧化碳排放提供技术支撑。     

河道淤泥的轻质化处理及其工程性质

基于河道淤泥综合有效利用的目的,利用其高含水的特征,采用气泡混合轻质化技术对河道淤泥进行轻质化处理。通过室内试验的方法,考察和评价了以河道淤泥为原料土的气泡混合轻质土的基本工程性质,包括它的强度特性、变形特性、渗透性及耐久性能等。研究结果显示,经气泡混合轻质化处理的河道淤泥,具备一般填土的强度与刚度特性,其品质与施工性与固化材料的掺入量有密切的关系,固化后的轻质土具有良好的防渗透能力,但在循环干湿作用下易发生品质劣化现象。研究结果可以作为河道淤泥工程应用的基本依据及质量控制指标,同时也为进一步开发研究建立一定的基础。     

南通龙王桥河沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物的研究

本研究对南通通甲河支流龙王桥河的表层沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)随时间的变化情况,AVS与同步浸提重金属(SEM)的关系,以及AVS与有机质(OM)的关系进行了一个月的监测。结果表明:①龙王桥河表层沉积物中AVS的平均含量为1700mg/kg,远高于其他河段,上覆水中AVS的含量达到1.0mg/L,污染严重;②归一法算得SEM/AVS1,沉积物中重金属主要以硫化物形式存在;③沉积物中OM含量与AVS有相关性,OM较高时AVS的含量也较高。