国内流域生态系统土壤动物群落结构研究

土壤动物与其生存环境息息相关.土壤质地优良,食物种类丰富多样,则土壤动物个体数、类群数、多样性显著增多.目前,国内学者多侧重研究农田、森林、草原等生态系统土壤动物群落结构,而流域生态系统土壤动物研究较少涉及.对此,从土壤动物的水平分布、垂直分布和群落多样性三个方面来综述流域生态系统相关因素对土壤动物的影响具有代表性.在此基础上借鉴其他生态系统土壤动物相关研究并且结合流域生态系统自身特点拓展土壤动物研究方向,为研究区土地利用方向提供依据.研究流域中不同环境因素对土壤动物区系的影响,了解国内外土壤动物的研究和流域生态系统对土壤动物影响的进展.对于生态环境的恢复与重建具有重大意义.     

基于节约法的村镇生活垃圾收运路线优化研究

为了降低垃圾收运成本,减少垃圾收运过程产生的环境和社会影响,对含有多种级别道路的村镇生活垃圾收运路线进行了优化。综合考虑垃圾收运过程的运输距离、路况、环境污染等因素,利用层次分析法确定了不同级别道路的综合权重,并对实际运输距离进行修正,得到综合运输距离。以节约综合运输距离为目标,使用节约法对收运路线进行优化,得出了节约路程多、发生拥堵少、环境污染小的村镇生活垃圾收运路线。并以蒙城县岳坊镇为例,对该地区的垃圾收运路线进行优化设计,验证了方法的可行性。     

滇池流域入湖河流丰水期大型底栖动物群落特征及其与水环境因子的关系

研究了滇池流域入湖河流丰水期大型底栖动物群落特征及其与水环境因子的关系.在滇池流域29条入湖河流2009年7～8月进行大型底栖动物群落调查,并在2008年9月～2009年8月进行逐月17项水环境指标监测,目的是阐明滇池流域入湖河流丰水期大型底栖动物群落特征,识别影响大型底栖动物群落特征的主要水环境因子,比较大型底栖动物群落Shannon-Weaver多样性指数与水环境质量评价空间分布格局的特点.滇池流域入湖河流丰水期共检出大型底栖动物3门7科8属(其中环节动物门4科5属,软体动物门2科2属,节肢动物门1科1属),群落结构以环节动物门的水丝蚓属(耐污生物)为优势属;TN、 NH⁺₄-N、 TP和DO是影响大型底栖动物群落特征的主要水环境因子,分别为2.03～32.00、 0.34～26.66、 0.09～3.20、 0.10～6.80 mg/L;大型底栖动物群落Shannon-Weaver多样性指数与水环境质量评价的空间分布格局一致,均为流域北部入湖河流(王家堆渠、新运粮河、老运粮河、乌龙河、大观河、西坝河、船房河、采莲河、金家河、盘龙江、大青河、海河、六甲宝象河、小清河、五甲宝象河、虾坝河、老宝象河、新宝象河和马料河)污染状况严重程度>流域南部入湖河流(淤泥河、老柴河、白鱼河、茨巷河、东大河、中河和古城河)>流域东部入湖河流(洛龙河、捞鱼河和南冲河).     

复合式生物滴滤池技术在小城镇生活污水处理中的应用

介绍了几种常规污水处理工艺的基本情况,提出了复合式生物滴滤池污水处理工艺在处理小城镇生活污水方面具有的优势,并对实践中的应用效果进行分析。     

基于DEM地表水文特征和汇水子流域的提取研究

文章以天津于桥水库上游流域为研究对象,以DEM(数字高程模型)为基础数据,对DEM生成方法、DEM精度、流域地形地貌特征及阈值的选取三个方面分别作了详细研究。试验结果表明,从于桥水库上游流域的水文特征所提取的河网分布与河流与实际分布情况基本吻合,淋河、沙河、黎河三大流域的面积误差范围分别为-3.44%、2.28%和7.63%。     

震前小震调制比空间异常消失的映震能力研究

利用小震调制比方法的时空异常进行跟踪分析,通过对比发现,近几年震前小震调制比的空间异常变化与有感地震的发生具有一定的对应关系.进一步的分析研究认为,利用震前小震调制比的空间异常消失可进行有感地震甚至中强地震的地点预测.     

东寨港流域地表水水化学组成特征及其成因

为研究滨海地区地表水资源和红树林生态系统的水环境,利用水化学分析、数理统计和Gibbs水-岩分析模型等方法对东寨港流域内演丰西河和三江河两条河流水体的水化学组成和氢氧稳定同位素特征进行分析,揭示了演丰西河和三江河河流地表水的水化学组成特征,讨论了该区域地表水的水化学组分变化及其控制因素.结果 表明:演丰西河地表水的水化...     

HISTORICAL AND SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF THE WESTERN WATERSHEDS MOVEMENT1

ABSTRACT: The 1990s have featured a rapid proliferation of “watershed initiatives” in the western United States and elsewhere. Watershed initiatives are ad hoc, voluntary associations typically featuring both governmental and non-governmental actors organized together to collaboratively seek new strategies for addressing water and related natural resource problems at physically relevant regional scales. These efforts are a response to historical and sociopolitical trends that have resulted in increasingly ineffective forums and processes of resource management decision-making, and that have subordinated the role of local stakeholders in problem-solving efforts. In most cases, watershed initiatives appear to provide a pragmatic vehicle for resource managers and stakeholders to address common concerns in a more efficient manner than is otherwise possible, and as such, deserve further application and continued support.     

EVALUATION OF RUNOFF,EROSION, AND PHOSPHORUS MODELING SYSTEM—SIMPLE1

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of Spatially Integrated Models for Phosphorus Loading and Erosion (SIMPLE) in predicting runoff volume, sediment loss, and phosphorus loading from two watersheds. The modeling system was applied to the 334 ha QOD subwatershed, part of the Owl Run watershed, located in Fauquier County, Virginia, and to the 2240 ha watershed, Battle Branch, located in Delaware County, Oklahoma. Simulation runs were conducted at cell and field scales, and simulation results were compared with observed data. Runoff volume and dissolved phosphorus loading were measured at the Battle Branch watershed. Runoff volume, sediment yield, and total phosphorus loading were measured at the QOD site. SIMPLE tended to underestimate runoff volumes during the dormant period, from November to March. The comparison between observed and predicted dissolved phosphorus showed better correlation than for observed and predicted total phosphorus loading. Cell level simulations provided similar estimates of runoff volume and phosphorus loading when compared to field level simulations for both watersheds. However, observed sediment yields better compared with the values predicted from the cell level simulation when compared to field level simulation. Finally, results of model evaluation indicated that SIMPLE's predictive ability is acceptable for screening applications but not for site-specific quantitative predictions.     

STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT AND SOCIAL CAPITAL: KEYS TO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT SUCCESS IN ALABAMA1

ABSTRACT: Forces driving the initiation of watershed management activities in Alabama have ranged from top-down, agency-led initiatives to bottom-up, citizen-led initiatives. A number of watershed projects in Alabama were examined including three NPS projects funded by U.S. EPA grants and a more comprehensive locally-initiated watershed management authority. Watershed projects were categorized into four different models. Factors which produced significant differences in the development and utilization of social capital and local capacities for watershed management were investigated. The success of watershed management initiatives was examined qualitatively and appears to correlate with a number of social factors. These factors include the extent of stakeholder involvement, the availability of social capital in the watershed, and the presence of a real or perceived water resource concern or problem. Both short term project success and the longer term prognosis for continued watershed management activities seems to depend most upon the amount of social capital in the watershed. Two major changes in resource management programs and organizations could lead to increased focus on and support for local watershed management initiatives. These are reorganization of resource management agencies around watershed units, and assignment of at least one staff person in each watershed unit to watershed management.