工程监理博弈行为分析与对策研究

工程建设监理制度对提高工程项目的质量。促进建筑业的健康发展发挥了重要的作用。但与发达国家相比。我国工程建设监理制度仍不够完善。从博弈论的观点出发。分别建立了监理单位和承包商之间的两方博弈模型以及业主、监理单位和承包商之间的三方博弈模型。并在分析模型均衡解的基础上，得到了完善工程建设监理制度。提高工程项目质量的政策建议。     

安全科学与灾害学探讨

本文探讨了安全科学与灾害学之间的关系,分析了安全科学的发展历史及其学科体系,对发展我国安全科学提出了建议。     

陕西省的地震危险趋势估计

本文应用计算某一地震带(区)上地震复发周期的公式;T_m=m×10~(bm-a)以及灰色系统理论的动态模型对陕西地区进行了地震危险趋势估计。     

Sustainable Development and the Role of the Financial World

The incapacity to finance sustainable development through philanthropic official assistance turned the Johannesburg Summit to business world and the financial industry. Pioneering financial institutions – including development banks and private banks – have developed a wide range of innovations that can support sustainable development. This article highlights a few innovative products and markets and focuses on the progress made by financial players on the level of standards, metrics and guidelines to improve sustainability management systems, reporting and accounting practices and the multi-stakeholder dynamic. The role of the socially responsible investing (SRI) community has been underexposed by the Summit. Through its voice and market success, SRI has moved from a green market niche to the mainstream, however not becoming mainstream. The invaluable levering effect of SRI has just been discovered by authorities and market regulators and is becoming instrumental. In order to show the business case of Corporate Social Responsibility and to prove the financial viability of the People, Planet, Prosperity investing approach, the SRI community should critically reflect on its own quality assurance systems, sound disclosure and verification practices.     

防灾工程动态投资决策方法初探

本文提出了防灾工程的抗力、灾损度和灾害的灾度、灾害势以及动态决策准则等概念,基于现代控制理论,初步建立了防灾工程动态投资决策的一般方法,并对其进行了理论分析和研究。这里的决策包括防灾工程的初始投资(或设防水平)决策及其防灾规划期(或寿命期)内的防灾减灾维护投资(或维护水平)决策.文中还给出了算例,对上述方法进行了应用。算例结果表明,本文提出的防灾工程动态投资决策方法具有比较显著的经济效益。     

推进我国减灾事业的三个支柱

本文阐述推进我国减灾事业的3个支柱,即:(1)发挥政府的主导作用;(2)重视科学技术在减灾中的作用;(3)依靠全民的参与。     

SOCIAL CLASS DIFFERENCES IN RESERVOIR VISITS1

ABSTRACT: Previous research provides evidence of a socioeconomic bias in outdoor recreational participation. One explanation of this bias is that socioeconomic groups have differential opportunities to participate, with the “costs” of this participation especially serving to restrict the recreational access of lower class persons living in urban areas. Using driving distance as a measure of cost, this study assessed the effects of travel costs on the attendance of three social class groups from an urban population at rural reservoir facilities. Findings support the contention that, while increased driving distance has a dampening effect on recreational participation, this effect is most pronounced for the lower class person. These findings point to the importance of equity considerations in the planning of outdoor recreational facilities.     

“Measuring Sustainability”: A Multi-Criterion Framework

So far, the elementary question of whether one country’s or region’s economy is moving towards sustainability or away from it cannot be answered with unanimous consensus on the ‘measuring rod(s)’ to be employed. The main assumption of this article is that sustainability assessment needs a set of multi-dimensional indicators. From this assumption a question arises: how could such indicators be aggregated? Often, some indicators improve while others deteriorate. For instance, when incomes grow, SO₂ might go down while CO₂ increases. It has to be noted that this is the classical conflictual situation studied in multi-criteria decision theory. The use of a multi-criterion framework for making operational the ‘measuring of sustainability’ is discussed here by means of illustrative examples and more formal arguments.     

TECHNOLOGY,INSTITUTIONS, AND SOCIAL GOALS1

ABSTRACT: The cries of pending water crises are usually cast in terms of water availability and/or water quality. Unfortunately, the real factors underlying a perceived crisis are often overlooked and the solutions prescribed are fax from optimal when measured in either economic or social terms. Today's technology outstrips its implementation, yesterday's solutions are imposed on a new breed of problems, and a static game is being played in a dynamic world. There is a need for the application of innovative and revolutionary tactics, for modernizing institutions, and for educating technologists and decision makers alike in the art of communicating their views and skills. This is the challenge. If it is met, some predicted crises will not materialize, and many others will be diminished in scale. An exciting opportunity exists to extend the boundaries of a new era in water management.     

重金属元素在樟树人工林中的累积与迁移

结合樟树人工林生态系统生物产量研究,采用Hp3510原子吸收分光光度法测定樟树人工林生态系统不同组分中Cu、Zn、Mn、Pd、Ni、Cd的含量,探讨了重金属元素Cu、Zn、Mn、Pb、Ni、Cd在湖南株洲市樟树人工林中的累积与迁移.结果表明,樟树人工林地土壤层(0～100 cm)中,6种重金属元素的平均含量以Pb为最高,为67.929 mg/kg,Cd最低,仅为0.699 mg/kg,排序为Pb＞Zn＞Mn＞Ni＞Cu＞Cd,总储量为2 737 174 kg/hm2.在樟树不同器官中,Cu、Zn、Mn、Pd、Ni、Cd的含量范围分别为6.849～13.178 mg/kg,3.776～37.443 mg/kg,32.214～659.130 mg/kg,1.626～15.544 mg/kg,0.218～3.719 mg/kg,1.033～9.506 mg/kg.樟树对土壤中6种重金属元素富集能力排序为Cd＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Ni.在樟树林中,6种重金属元素的总积累量为11.124 kg/hm2,且排序为Mn(8.097 kg/hm2)＞Zn(1.429 kg/hm2)＞Cu(0.763 kg/hm2)＞Pb(0.491 kg/hm2)＞ Cd(0.272 kg/hm2)＞Ni(0.072 kg/hm2),重金属元素积累量空间分布为叶(3.447 kg/hm2)＞枝(2.863 kg/hm2)＞皮(1.685 kg/hm2)＞干(1.635 kg/hm2)＞根(1.307 kg/hm2).樟树林与环境之间,Mn的交换能力最强,其次是Cd、Zn、Cu,再次为Ni、Pb.