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461.
以磷酸二氢钾(PDP)钝化后的重金属污染土壤为研究对象,通过室内土柱淋溶和土壤吸水实验,考察pH为3.1、4.6和5.1的模拟酸雨对污染土壤修复过程中重金属淋溶特征及土壤持水能力的影响。实验结果表明:PDP处理显著增加了淋出液的pH、电导率、TOC和正磷酸盐态磷(ZP)含量,在淋溶初期显著降低了淋出液的Cu、Cd和Pb含量,但在淋溶后期增大了Pb含量;土壤持水量与电导率、pH、TOC和ZP含量呈现极显著负相关性;土壤修复过程中,有机质的淋失、盐分含量及pH的增大可引起土壤持水能力的减弱。 相似文献
462.
463.
选取珠江三角洲森林、稻田和城市草地和菜地为研究对象,运用静态箱法,测量土壤COS、DMS、CS2和DMDS通量,并分析了环境因子对含硫气体交换速率的影响。结果表明,稻田和菜地交换速率最大,城市草地次之,森林土壤交换速率最小。森林土壤吸收COS,释放DMS,有凋落物土壤气体交换速率高于无凋落物土壤,CS2和DMDS源与汇存在很大不确定性。森林COS通量受温度、土壤含水量、土壤肥力、土壤微生物和土壤呼吸的共同影响;有水稻稻田吸收COS,无水稻稻田释放COS,有水稻稻田DMS释放速率显著高于无水稻稻田。干旱稻田土壤吸收COS,水淹土壤释放COS,但DMS、CS2和DMDS释放速率两者间无显著影响;城市草地吸收COS释放DMS,CS2和DMDS存在不确定性,有草土壤COS和DMS交换速率高于无草土壤,割草前后气体释放速率无显著变化;菜地释放VOSCs,其中DMDS占75%。 相似文献
464.
淹水过程不同土层磷的释放研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用土槽模拟实验研究了淹水土壤不同土层磷释放特征及影响因素。实验结果表明:淹水土壤不同土层磷释放呈锯齿状交替变化,但释放量有很大差异,中层释放量最低,上和下层释放量较高,最大磷浓度分别为0.0336mg/L和0.0517mg/L;而不同土层溶液中的亚铁和总铁量正好与之相反,中层铁释放量最大,上层次之,下层最低,且中层释铁量明显高于上层和下层;不同土层溶液随淹水时间pH趋于中性,Eh降低,其中中层溶液Eh下降的幅度大;淹水土壤溶液中各种不同形态铁的氧化物,如因水解和氧化形成的水铁矿以及蓝铁矿在一定程度上影响了土壤磷的释放;同时淹水增加了磷的扩散,地下水有一定量的磷累积。 相似文献
465.
Yuhong SU Xueyun YANG Cary T CHIOU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(4):468-474
To access the influence of a vegetation on soil microorganisms toward organic pollutant biogegration, this study examined
the rhizospheric effects of four plant species (sudan grass, white clover, alfalfa, and fescue) on the soil microbial community
and in-situ pyrene (PYR) biodegradation. The results indicated that the spiked PYR levels in soils decreased substantially compared to
the control soil without planting. With equal planted densities, the efficiencies of PYR degradation in rhizosphere with sudan
grass, white clover, alfalfa and fescue were 34.0%, 28.4%, 27.7%, and 9.9%, respectively. However, on the basis of equal root
biomass the efficiencies were in order of white clover >> alfalfa > sudan > fescue. The increased PYR biodegradation was attributed
to the enhanced bacterial population and activity induced by plant roots in the rhizosphere. Soil microbial species and biomasses
were elucidated in terms of microbial phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers. The principal component analysis
(PCA) revealed significant changes in PLFA pattern in planted and non-planted soils spiked with PYR. Total PLFAs in planted
soils were all higher than those in non-planted soils. PLFA assemblages indicated that bacteria were the primary PYR degrading
microorganisms, and that Gram-positive bacteria exhibited higher tolerance to PYR than Gram-negative bacteria did. 相似文献
466.
Zhenyu WANG Shengfang WEN Baoshan XING Dongmei GAO Fengmin LI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(3):274-279
A series of pot experiments with Alternanthera philoxeroides, Typha latifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia and Phragmites communis were conducted to assess the phosphorus depletion effect in the rhizosphere. The ratio of root to shoot, root morphology,
phosphorus uptake efficiency and phosphorus utilization efficiency were analyzed. An obvious variation in phosphorus concentrations
between the rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil was observed. The water-soluble P contents in the rhizosphere soil of
A. philoxeroides, T. latifolia, S. sagittifolia and P. communis were reduced by 81%, 42%, 18% and 16%, respectively, compared with that in the non-rhizosphere soil. A. philoxeroides had the highest phosphorus uptake efficiency (1.32 mg/m), while T. latifolia achieved the effective phosphorus depletion by the strong rooting system and the high phosphorus uptake efficiency (0.52
mg/m). T. latifolia not only used phosphorus to produce biomass economically, but also adjusted carbon allocation to the roots to explore the
soil for more available phosphorus. A. philoxeroides and T. latifolia were more effective in depleting phosphorus in the rhizosphere than S. sagittifolia and P. communis. 相似文献
467.
Qihua Shan Yuanchun Yu Jian Yu Jinchi Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(2):218-223
To reveal the biological characteristics of urban forest soil and the effects of soil enzyme on soil fertility as well as
the correlation between physicochemical properties and enzyme activities, 44 urban forest soil profiles in Nanjing were investigated.
Basic soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were analyzed in the laboratory. Hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase,
alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase were determined by potassium permanganate titration, TTC (C19H15N4·Cl) colorimetry, phenyl phosphate dinatrium colorimetry, and anthrone colorimetry, respectively. The result showed that soil
pH, organic carbon (C), and total nitrogen (N) had great effects on hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase
activities in 0–20 cm thick soil. However, pH only had great effect on hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase
activities in 20–40 cm thick soil. Hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were important biological
indicators for the fertility of urban forest soil. Both in 0–20 cmand 20–40 cmsoil, soil enzyme system (hydrogen peroxidase,
dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase) had a close relationship with a combination of physicochemical indicators
(pH, organic C, total N, available K, available P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and microbial biomass carbon (Cmic)). The more soil enzyme activities there were, the higher the fertility of urban forest soil.
__________
Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(4): 4–6, 9 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态] 相似文献
468.
469.
多孔聚合物载体与活性炭载体用于厌氧流化床处理有机废水的比较 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
比较了多孔聚合物载体 (HP)与颗粒活性炭载体 (GAC)厌氧流化床处理合成废水与造纸废水时的性能 .研究表明 ,HP载体反应器处理合成废水时 ,进料COD容积负荷最大 65.6kg/(m3·d)时 ,COD去除率为 84% ,沼气容积产气率为 16.5m3/(m3·d) ;GAC载体反应器最大进料COD负荷 63.26kg/(m3·d)时 ,COD去除率为74.2% ,沼气容积产气率为 14.5m3/(m3·d) .HP载体处理造纸废水 ,反应器进料COD容积负荷为 14.5~36.15kg/(m3·d)时 ,COD去除率为 64.7%~54.5% ,沼气产气率为 1.89~2.7m3/(m3·d) ;GAC载体进料COD容积负荷为 9.16~19.06kg/(m3·d)时 ,COD去除率为 61.0 %~52.1% ,沼气产气率为 0.73~2.01m3/(m3·d) .微生物固定化效果、废水处理效率及综合经济性HP载体反应器明显优于GAC载体反应器 . 相似文献
470.
浙北水稻主产区田间土-水磷素流失潜能 总被引:16,自引:4,他引:16
选取嘉善、余姚、德清、余杭 4个具有代表性浙北水稻主产区 ,研究了水田土 水磷素流失潜能及环境意义 .4稻区高水平磷肥投入促进了土壤富磷化 ,土壤Olsen-P积累的同时 ,相应地提高了土壤生物性有效磷、水浸提磷 ,并提高了土壤磷素的流失潜能 .稻区土壤在富磷化过程中 ,存在着土壤磷素的农学意义向环境意义方向演变的趋势 .在非植稻期 ,稻区农田水体 ,包括沟渠水、田表水、排渠水、暗管排水等总磷 (TP)平均超过了易诱发水体富营养化临界值 ,其中溶解磷 (DRP)占总磷 40% ;主要是源于绿肥田表水及部分排渠中的溶解磷对稻区外水体构成了直接危害 .在非植稻期 ,因稻区间农耕措施的差异导致了土壤富磷水平与对应田表水磷素水平不具相关性 ;在植稻期 ,施磷措施促进水田土壤富磷 ,相应地提高了田表水磷素水平 . 相似文献