Molecularly imprinted polymer for analysis of trace atrazine herbicide in water

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for atrazine was synthesized by non-covalent method. The binding capacity of MIP was 1.00 mg g^{? 1} polymer. The selectivity and recovery were investigated with various pesticides which are mostly, found in the environment, for both similar and different chemical structure of atrazine. The competitive recognition between atrazine and structurally similar compounds was evaluated and it was found that the system provided highest recovery and selectivity for atrazine while low recovery and selectivity were obtained for the other compounds. The highest recovery was obtained from MIP compared with non-imprinted polymer (NIP), a commercial C₁₈ and a granular activated carbon (GAC) sorbent. The method provided high recoveries ranged from 94 to 99% at two spiked levels with relative standard deviations less than 2%. The lower detection limit of the method was 80 ng L^{? 1}. This method was successfully applied for analysis of environmental water samples.     

广州市“南肺”果园土壤H g和A s的形态分析

采用Tessier连续提取法、BCR连续提取法和Leleyter连续提取法,研究广州"南肺"果园土壤Hg和As的形态分布和生物可给性。结果表明,果园土壤Hg和As形态分布都以残渣态为主;3种方法的土壤生物可给性分析均表明,Hg和As生物可利用态的含量较少;生物不可利用态是主要形态,其次是潜在可利用态。     

SPME-G C法测试TCE、PCE条件的正交优化试验研究

运用正交设计方法对SPME-GC法测试三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯的固相微萃取条件进行优化。首先选择样品量、NaCl用量、萃取温度、萃取时间、解析温度等因素,设计5因素3水平正交试验方案。分析数据得到优化条件为NaCl用量30 g/L,萃取温度25℃,解析温度210℃,同时得出样品量与萃取时间是对试验结果具有显著意义的影响因素,采用二次回归正交组合设计试验对其进一步优化,并对结果进行回归分析,得到最优条件为样品量为5.5 mL,萃取时间为20.13 min。     

沸石负载介孔TiO_2的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

以人工沸石为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备出了沸石负载介孔改性TiO2光催化剂。以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,研究了不同掺杂金属及介孔薄膜制备方法对纳米TiO2可见光催化性能的影响。用扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等手段研究了掺杂改性前后TiO2的变化。研究发现,N-Fe掺杂可使催化剂的光吸收谱带红移。当掺杂Fe的比为0.2%,焙烧温度为500℃时制备的TiO2效果最好,在可见光照射2 h后,亚甲基蓝的去除率可达90%。研究表明经十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为模板剂修饰后的TiO2催化效果有明显提高,通过将经过萃取去除模板剂的共掺TiO2和直接高温焙烧的TiO2对比后发现,前者比后者降解亚甲基蓝的效果要好,原因在于,高温直接焙烧去除模板剂很容易使模板剂形成的骨架塌陷,减小了比表面积,从而影响了其光催化性能。     

OBIA与RF结合的龙口市土地利用信息提取方法

为提高中分辨率遥感影像解译精度,本文提出面向对象影像分析（Object Based Image Analysis,OBIA）与随机森林（Random Forest,RF）结合的土地利用信息提取方法。采用Landsat 8 OLI影像,针对不同地物特点,阈值分割和多尺度分割结合创建影像对象,规则集和分类器协同分类,基于Relief F算法分别对光谱特征、纹理特征及所有特征降维筛选特征子集,并与全部特征一起应用RF建模,对龙口市进行土地利用信息提取与比较。结果表明：OBIA与RF结合提取土地利用信息,基于Relief F算法筛选纹理特征,保留完整光谱、几何、空间关系特征构建RF模型,建模错分率为0.0958,分类总体精度和Kappa系数分别为89.37%和0.872,取得较理想结果。该方法可应用于中分辨率遥感影像土地利用信息提取。     

Broad range analysis of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been globally detected in impacted natural waters. The detection of trace quantities of EDCs and PPCPs in the environment is of great concern since some of these compounds have known physiological responses at low concentrations. EDCs can have a wide range of polarities, acidic and basic moieties, and exist in trace quantities, which often requires numerous complex extractions, large sample collection volumes, and multiple instrumental analyses. A comprehensive method has been developed allowing for the analysis of 58 potential EDCs in various water matrices using a single solid-phase extraction (SPE) of a 1 L sample with subsequent analyses using both gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, each coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS and LC–MS/MS). Instrument detection limits ranged between 0.12–7.5 pg with corresponding method reporting limits of 1–10 ng l⁻¹ in water. Recoveries for most compounds were between 50% and 112% with good reproducibility (RSD 6–22%).     

简化连续提取法评价污染土壤中Zn、Cd的植物有效性

以0.01 mol·L^-1CaCl₂和0.005 mol·L^-1 DTPA作为提取剂,用简化的3步连续提取法对贵州省赫章县土法炼锌污染土壤中Zn、Cd的形态进行了分析.结果显示,污染土壤中Zn、Cd主要以残渣态的形式存在,CaCl₂提取态和DTPA提取态Zn、Cd平均仅占全量的0.63%、3.91%和10.94%、10.13%.土壤中不同形态Zn、Cd含量与玉米中Zn、Cd含量的相关分析结果显示,CaCl₂提取态金属与玉米中金属含量没有显著的相关关系,而DTPA提取态、残渣态以及总量Zn、Cd与玉米根、茎叶中Zn、Cd含量显著正相关.这些结果表明CaCl₂提取态Zn、Cd对土壤中该元素的植物有效态可能不具重要贡献,而DTPA提取态金属和金属总量在一定程度上能作为评价土壤中元素植物有效性的标准.     

加速溶剂萃取-在线净化-液相色谱串联质谱法检测污泥堆肥样品中三氯生和三氯卡班

污泥堆肥样品基质复杂,其中三氯生（TCS）和三氯卡班（TCC）的提取和净化过程操作烦琐、回收率低。通过对净化条件进行优化,建立了加速溶剂萃取-在线净化-液相色谱串联质谱法检测污泥堆肥样品中TCS和TCC的分析方法,并对上海某污水厂实际污泥堆肥样品中的TCS和TCC进行定量分析。结果表明,TCS和TCC的检出限分别为0.003和0.0002μg/g,加标回收率为90.3%~99.8%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.2%~8.5%（n=6）。该方法样品前处理时间短、回收率高、试剂使用量少,能够满足实际污泥堆肥样品中TCS和TCC的检测要求。     

鱼体甲基汞的萃取富集和测定

研究了苯萃取和半胱氨酸滤纸富集再用苯洗脱的方法,使鱼肉中甲基汞得到富集和提取。建立了气相色谱测定甲基汞的方法并对所建立的方法进行评价。结果表明:加标回收率为87.10%～105.69%;变异系数为2.93%。符合要求,大量样品实验表明,该方法适用于痕量甲基汞的提取和分析。     

油污染土壤气体抽排去污模型及影响因素

为了开展适合我国实际情况的有机污染土壤气体抽排净化技术研究,在对油污染土壤的通风去污过程机理进行分析的基础上,建立了一个简化机理模拟模型.以华北地区典型土壤为实验土样,油污染物为例,通过一维土柱实验,研究了抽排气体流速、土壤含水率和土质对去污过程的影响.实验表明抽排气体流速存在最佳值,土壤含水率对不同土质土壤净化时间影响不同,对粉砂土,含水率升高,净化效率增强;而对粘质土壤,结果正好相反.对模型预测结果进行实验验证表明,本文建立的模拟模型在实验限定条件范围内是准确和适用的.