Biosolid application to soil may be a supply of nutrients and micronutrients but it may also accumulate toxic compounds which would be absorbed by crops and through them be incorporated to the trophic chain.
The present study deals with the effect of biosolid application on Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn in agricultural soils. The procedure used is sequential extraction so that the availability of those metals may be estimated and related to their bioavailability as determined through two indicator plants grown in greenhouse: ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense). Results showed that biosolid application to soil increased total Cu and Zn content. Sequential extraction showed that the more labile Zn fractions increased after biosolid application to soil. This was confirmed when assessing the total content of this metal in shoot and root of the plants under study, since a higher content was found in plant tissues, while no significant differences were found for Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb. 相似文献
Sand–gravel mining is a significant parameter of economic development and social welfare function in modern societies. As demand for aggregate increases in construction industry, conflicts for the availability of the resource and environmental impacts become more intense. The present paper describes the contested status quo in riverbed sand–gravel mining activities with an example from Greece, as a case study. The scope is to propose a methodology about good governance of the mining sector that promotes a sustainable sharing of aggregate resource by securing environment and safekeeping revenues in the mining trade market. 相似文献
To estimate the variability of pesticide residue levels present in cauliflower units, a total of 142 samples were collected from a field trial of a cooperative farmer, and 120 samples were collected from different market places in Thessaloniki, Greece. The collected samples were extracted using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique, and the residues were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The developed method was validated by evaluating the accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The average recoveries for all the analytes, derived from the data of control samples fortified at 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg, ranged from 74 to 110% with a relative standard deviation of ≤8%. The correlation coefficient (R2) was ≥0.997 for all the analytes using matrix-matched calibration standards. The LOD values ranged from 0.001 to 0.003 mg/kg, and the LOQ was determined at 0.01 mg/kg for all the sought analytes. The matrix effect was found to be at a considerable level, especially for cypermethrin and deltamethrin, amounting to +90% and +145%, respectively. For the field samples, the unit-to-unit variability factors (VFs) calculated for cypermethrin and deltamethrin were 2.38 and 2.32, respectively, while the average VF for the market basket samples was 5.11. In the market basket samples, residues of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, and indoxacarb were found at levels ≥LOQ and their respective VFs were 7.12, 5.67, 5.28, and 2.40. 相似文献