污水处理厂中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素分析

建立了基于HLB固相萃取柱和液相色谱分析城市污水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的方法 ,同时分析了北京市 4个污水处理厂进水与出水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的浓度。在四个污水处理厂的水样中共检出了 5种邻苯二甲酸酯 ,分别是DEP、BBP、DBP、DCHP和DEHP ,浓度在 0 .72～ 59.1 7μg/L之间。结果表明 ,曝气活性污泥法对大部分邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的去除效果很好     

Selenium Distribution in Topsoils and Plants of a Semi-arid Mediterranean Environment

Selenium was determined from 25 topsoils and 25 plants in the semi-arid Central Spain where large extents of soils are developed on evaporitic materials. Some species of vegetation associated with them are of the genera Astragalus, Salsola, Mercurialis, Phlomis, Thymus and Atriplex. Total selenium in soils was determined and its bioavailability assessed by chemical sequential fractionation. Se content in soils was adequate (in the range 0.17–0.39 mg kg⁻¹) or large (in the range 0.50–4.38 mg kg⁻¹) and appeared in highly and/or potentially available forms. Several plant species showed high Se levels (in the range 5–14.3 mg kg⁻¹), which can be a potential risk of toxicity to animals. Data obtained from the study area can be used as a guide to the range of values in soils and plants of the European Mediterranean area that are relatively unpolluted from industrial sources, allowing comparison with more polluted areas.     

Genotoxic potential of organic extracts from municipal reclaimed water in Tianjin,China

Despite increasing pressure to make more efficient use of water resources, the widespread use of reclaimed water still remains a contentious issue, primarily because of risks to human health arising from water pollution by organic compounds. Therefore, safety evaluation of reclaimed water is an urgent need. The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxic potential of reclaimed water during low and high water periods. Reverse phase C-18 solid-phase extraction (RP-C18SPE) was used for the extraction of organic compounds from water samples. The tests, namely, Ames, micronucleus and chromosome aberrations were used to determine the damage caused by water samples on genetic material. Ames tests showed that both influent and effluent reclaimed water, except influent after metabolism by S9 in high water period, induced mutation of TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium in a concentration-response manner. There were no significant differences in micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests. Even after treatment, reclaimed water in Tianjin still showed mutational effects and new strategies for reduction of genotoxins need to be considered.     

模拟印染废水中酸性紫红-10B的萃取资源化技术研究

对模拟印染废水中酸性紫红-10B染料的萃取资源化回收过程进行了研究,考察了各工艺参数对萃取效率的影响。结果表明：萃取回收资源化技术是可行的,在探索的工艺条件范围内,萃取率均超过96.0%。其中萃取剂正辛醇组成分数和油/水体积比对萃取效率有显著影响。萃取最佳工艺条件为：萃取剂组成三辛胺/正辛醇/石油醚体积比为20/10/70;油水体积比为1/1;染料溶液pH值为2.5;萃取搅拌时间为5 min;静置时间为15 min。     

滇池沉积物有机磷形态分级特征

考察沉积物磷对湖泊富营养化贡献时,大量研究涉足无机磷,对有机磷的研究十分薄弱.针对滇池的33个沉积物样品,采用有机磷分级提取方法,将沉积物有机磷分为活性磷、中等活性磷、非活性磷等三种具有不同稳定性的有机磷.结果表明:排除滇池西北部外源污染严重的样品后,沉积物有机磷与总磷有自北向南逐渐降低的变化趋势,有机质与总磷、活性有机磷、中等活性有机磷以及非活性有机磷都表现出了显著相关关系.沉积物活性有机磷和中等活性有机磷与NaHCO3提取无机磷均显著相关,说明二者具有潜在的生物有效性.     

Combination of steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating for efficient remediation of perchloroethylene-contaminated soil: Coupling merits and energy consumption

● Coupling merits of SEE and ERH were explored by a laboratory-scale device. ● SEE promotes the soil electrical conductivity and ERH process. ● Preheating soil by ERH improves the soil permeability and SEE. ● Combined method is more energy-efficient for perchloroethylene extraction. In situ thermal desorption (ISTD) technology effectively remediates soil contaminated by dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). However, more efforts are required to minimize the energy consumption of ISTD technology. This study developed a laboratory-scale experimental device to explore the coupling merits of two traditional desorption technologies: steam-enhanced extraction (SEE) and electrical resistance heating (ERH). The results showed that injecting high-density steam (> 1 g/min) into loam or clay with relatively high moisture content (> 13.3%) could fracture the soil matrix and lead to the occurrence of the preferential flow of steam. For ERH alone, the electrical resistance and soil moisture loss were critical factors influencing heating power. When ERH and SEE were combined, preheating soil by ERH could increase soil permeability, effectively alleviating the problem of preferential flow of SEE. Meanwhile, steam injection heated the soil and provided moisture for maintaining soil electrical conductivity, thereby ensuring power stability in the ERH process. Compared with ERH alone (8 V/cm) and SEE alone (1 g/min steam), the energy consumption of combined method in remediating perchloroethylene-contaminated soil was reduced by 39.3% and 52.9%, respectively. These findings indicate that the combined method is more favorable than ERH or SEE alone for remediating DNAPL-contaminated subsurfaces when considering ISTD technology.     

环境样品中DNA提取方法的研究进展

利用微生物降解污染物是废水处理中的常用方法,研究废水处理工艺中微生物的多样性和动态性对于优化废水处理工艺的性能、提高其处理效率具有重要的指导意义.分子生物学方法是研究微生物多样性和动态性的有效方法.由于大多数分子生物学方法都是以提取研究对象的基因组DNA为前提,因此建立一种高效的环境样品DNA的提取方法具有重要作用.综述了从环境样品中提取DNA的主要方法及其研究进展,并提出了一种有效的从活性污泥中提取DNA的具体方法.     

ISS-2锌渣标准样品中Zn、Pb、Cd全量浸取研究及与纯水浸提比较

锌渣标准样品２００目,已经过多家实验室协作定值,通过二种方法可提取样品中的全量Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ：（１）１＋９ＨＣｌ,密封,０１２～０１４ＭＰａ,１２１℃,６０ｍｉｎ;（２）１＋９ＨＣｌ,超声波处理,６０ｍｉｎ。     

直接进水样气相色谱法及萃取法测定水中苯系物的比较研究

对二硫化碳萃取法和直接进水样气相色谱法测定水中的苯系物作了分析、比较和研究。对方法进行了线性、精密度等试验,表明了萃取法可以满足对地面水中苯系物的测定要求,直接进水样法则适用于工业废水中苯系物的监测。     

水中痕量多环芳烃(PAHs)类环境污染物检测方法的研究

对水中多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）检测方法进行了系统研究,采用固相萃取技术进行样品前处理,以取代传统的液液萃取,并建立了优化的ＰＡＨｓ液相色谱分析条件,可以适用于美国ＥＰＡ优先监控的水中１６种ＰＡＨｓ的同时分析