Properties of Starch/PVA Blend Films Containing Citric Acid as Additive

Starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend films were prepared successfully by using starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), glycerol (GL) sorbitol (SO) and citric acid (CA) for the mixing process. The influence of mixing time, additional materials and drying temperature of films on the properties of the films was investigated. With increase in mixing time, the tensile strength (TS), elongation (%E), degree of swelling (DS) and solubility (S) of the film were equilibrated. The equilibrium for TS, %E, DS and S value was 20.12 MPa, 36.98%, 2.4 and 0.19, respectively. The mixing time of equilibrium was 50 min. TS, %E, DS and S of starch/PVA blend film were examined adding glycerol (GL), sorbitol (SO) and citric acid (CA) as additives. At all measurement results, except for DS, the film adding CA was better than GL or SO because hydrogen bonding at the presence of CA with hydroxyl group and carboxyl group increased the inter/intramolecular interaction between starch, PVA and additives. Citric acid improves the properties of starch/PVA blend film compared to glycerol and sobitol. When the film was dried at low temperature, the properties of the films were clearly improved because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature.     

芳烃化合物水溶解度及分配系数的估算

将分子连接性指数法(Molecular Connectivity Index,MCI)与几何平均连接性指数法(Geometrical Mean Connectivity Index,GMCI)相结合,改进了GMCI的点价计算方法。使用新方法计算了34种芳烃化合物0～4阶指数的点价值,并分别通过对溶解度和点价值,分配系数和点价值进行逐步多元回归分析,建立了新的指数和溶解度、分配系数之间的定量关系模型,回归方程的相关系数为0.961、0.962,都达到了良好级,估计标准误差为0.3454、0.2674,优于MCI法和GMCI法。     

地质封存中CO2溶解度的测量与模型研究进展

近年来CO<,2>引起的温室效应受到了越来越多的重视,将CO<,2>注入地下咸水层是CO<,2>减排的选择之一.通过准确测量CO<,2>在地下咸水中的溶解度,可以估算出CO<,2>的地质存储量.文章对CO<,2>在纯水和盐水溶解度的测量方法以及热力学模型进行了综述,并根据前人实验数据总结得出CO<,2>在纯水、NaCl...     

应用物化法检测废水COD组分SI的研究

溶解性不可生物降解COD(S1)是活性污泥数学模型应用中的关键组分.通过一系列实验验证了应用物理化学的方法检测SI的可行性,并采用该方法对武汉市某大型污水处理厂的SI进行了检测.     

Effects of low temperature on aluminum(Ⅲ) hydrolysis: theoretical and experimental studies

In this study, the effects of low temperature on aluminum(III) (Al) hydrolysis were examined both theoretically and experimentally by constructing a solubility diagram for amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3(am)) and a distribution diagram of hydrolyzed Al species. Firstly, thermodynamic data of Al species at 4℃ were calculated from that at 25℃. A well confirmed polymeric Al species, AlO4Al12(OH)247 (Al13), was involved in building the diagrams and, correspondingly, the non-linear simultaneous equations with 13 degrees were resolved. Secondly, polarized Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ferron-based spectrophotometry were applied for constructing the practical diagrams. The results show that a decrease of temperature from 25 to 4℃ caused the Al(OH)3(am) boundary on the solubility diagram to shift toward the alkaline side by about 1.0 pH unit and the minimum solubility of Al(OH)3(am) to reduce by 1.0 log unit. The distribution diagram indicates that the monomeric Al, Al13, and solid-phase Al(OH)3 were alternately the predominant species with the increase of pH value during Al hydrolysis. At 25℃, Al13 was the dominant species in a pH range of 4.0 to 4.5, whereas at 4℃, Al13 was the leading species in a pH range spaced from 4.5 to 6.3. The predominant species changed from the monomeric Al to the solid-phase Al(OH)3 over the range of 1.8 pH units at 4℃ in comparison with the range of 0.5 pH unit at 25℃.     

Solubility and sorption of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and cosolvent systems

The solubility and sorption of oil by uncontaminated clay loam and silt loam soils were studied from water and cosolvent/water solutions using batch techniques. The data obtained from the dissolution and sorption experiments were used to evaluate the applicability of the cosolvent theory to oil as a complex mixture. Aqueous solubility and soil-water distribution coeffcients (Kd,w, L/kg) were estimated by extrapolating from cosolvent data, with a log-linear cosolvency model, to the volume fraction of cosolve...