Biodegradable plastic made from soybean products. II. Effects of cross-linking and cellulose incorporation on mechanical properties and water absorption

Soy isolate was treated with formaldehyde and glyoxal at 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% (w/w isolate) and with adipic and acetic anhydrides. The materials were then compression-molded into plastic tensile bars and tested for tensile and yield strength, percentage elongation, Young's modulus, and water absorption. Treatment with 5% formaldehyde increased the tensile strength significantly, to 4.9 kg/mm², compared with the untreated sample (3.7 kg/mm²). The yield strength increased slightly, to 0.68 kg/mm². Elongation was significantly less after treatment with formaldehyde. Young's modulus increased after treatment and leveled off at 174 kg/mm². Water absorption decreased as the formaldehyde concentration increased. Treatment with either glyoxal or adipic/acetic anhydride had a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the plastic specimens. Water absorption was decreased by glyoxal treatment but was not affected by adipic/acetic anhydride treatment. Long-fiber (lf), short-fiber (sf), and microcrystalline (mc) cellulose were incorporated into soy isolate at various levels. Cellulose addition decreased the percentage elongation and increased the rigidity of the plastic. All three cellulose additions increased Young's modulus. The tensile strength increased with the addition of sf-cellulose to soy isolate; lf-cellulose decreased the tensile strength, whereas the incorporation of mc-cellulose did not have a significant effect. The yield strength increased slightly with the addition of sf-cellulose and was less affected by the addition of lf- or mc-cellulose. All three types of cellulose slightly decreased water absorption at ca. 15% content.Journal Paper No. J-15563 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames; Project No. 2863.     

改性树脂NKZ对水溶性染料的吸附特性研究

根据聚合物絮凝剂与染料相互作用机理,用硝基胍对大孔型氯球改性得到了功能化吸附树脂NKZ.从热力学和动力学两方面研究了该树脂对5种水溶性染料的静态吸附特性.结果表明,树脂NKZ对水溶性染料的吸附具有很好的效果.     

黄河河口磷酸盐的缓冲作用探讨

河口区,磷酸盐浓度在很宽的盐度范围变化很小,甚至不变,对此提出悬浮物和沉积物对磷有缓冲作用。我们认为解吸吸附反应是其缓冲机制,从而进行了大量的模拟实验,并加以系统的分析。     

单壁碳纳米管材料对水稻幼苗的毒性效应

随着碳纳米管材料(CNTs)被广泛地应用于工业和商业等多个领域,其将不可避免地进入到大气、水和土壤环境中,从而对生态系统结构和功能产生一些负面影响.为明确进入水环境中的碳纳米管材料对农业生产的潜在危险,本实验采用水培法,研究了不同浓度(10、20、40mg·L~(-1))的单壁碳纳米管材料(SWCNTs)对萌发期内水稻的发芽率、根长耐性指数和幼苗生长期内水稻的鲜重、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的影响,以及单壁碳纳米管材料在水稻根部的累积.结果表明,在萌发期,胁迫处理4 d后,与对照相比,10、20、40 mg·L-1SWCNTs处理组对水稻发芽率没有任何抑制作用,但会延迟种子的发芽时间;水稻根长耐性指数随着单壁碳纳米管材料浓度的增加而下降.在幼苗生长期,胁迫处理30 d后,与对照相比,水稻鲜重随着单壁碳纳米管材料浓度的增加而分别下降14.2%、21.0%和38.8%;与此相类似,水稻叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量随着单壁碳纳米管材料浓度的增加而下降;另外,通过透射电镜观察(TEM)发现,SWCNTs颗粒分布在水稻幼苗根尖表皮细胞的细胞壁中.SWCNTs对水稻生长起抑制作用,且随着浓度的增加抑制作用逐渐增强.     

MIEX~预处理对水源水中藻源DON的去除效能及机理

利用小试试验研究了磁性离子交换树脂预处理(MIEX~)对高藻水源水中的溶解性有机氮(DON)的去除效能,并通过分子量分布测定、双向电泳等手段初步分析了其作用机理.结果表明,MIEX~预处理对DON具有较好地去除效果,并可有效强化混凝工艺的处理效能.投加量为15m L/L时,MIEX~预处理可提升DON去除率20%;以铜绿微囊藻为主要种属的高藻水源水中藻类蛋白种类不低于230种,且大多数处于酸性端,分子量区间主要分布于15~40Ku、65~75Ku,处于MIEX~预处理可去除的分子量区间,从而具有较好的去除效果.综上所述,MIEX~预处理可以作为强化去除高藻水源水中DON的一种方法.     

不同有机废水厌氧产酸过程的研究

主要研究了不同类废弃有机物厌氧产酸过程中产生的挥发性脂肪酸的产量和组成比例。研究发现,废糖蜜溶液、蛋白废液和淀粉废液在达到最高产酸量时,超过50%的VFAs是乙酸,其次是丙酸,还含有少量的丁酸和戊酸。废甘油溶液在达到最高产酸量时,产生的VFAs的主要成分是丙酸。4种有机废液中,相同初始COD浓度条件下,淀粉废液产生的VFAs产量最多,初始COD为5000mg/L时最高产量为2.321g/L,其次是废甘油溶液,最高产量是2.244g/L。     

Biochemical effects of some organo‐phosphorus insecticides on new targets in white rats

Abstract

The three S‐n‐propyl phosphates and phosphothioates: RH 218, profenofos and prothiophos were compared with fenitrothion in their potential as inhibitors of rat liver and brain AChE. Fenitrothion was more potent as an inhibitor than the three S‐n‐propyl derivatives. Incubation of hepatic protein enhanced ChE inhibition in brain in the case of fenitrothion, while it reduced the inhibitory effect of the S‐n‐propyl derivatives. On the other hand, the four organophosphorus esters caused hypoglycemia in both male and female rats and also reduced their blood urea with different degrees.