Redesigning harvest strategies for sustainable fishery management in the face of extreme environmental variability

Short-lived, fast-growing species that contribute greatly to global capture fisheries are sensitive to fluctuations in the environment. Uncertainties in exact stock–environment relationships have meant that environmental variability and extremes have been difficult to integrate directly into fisheries management. We applied a management strategy evaluation approach for one of Australia's large prawn stocks to test the robustness of harvest control rules to environmental variability. The model ensemble included coupled environmental-population models and an alternative catchability scenario fitted to historical catch per unit effort data. We compared the efficacy of alternative management actions to conserve marine resources under a variable environment while accounting for fisher livelihoods. Model fits to catch per unit effort were reasonably good and similar across operating models (OMs). For models that were coupled to the environment, environmental parameters for El Niño years were estimated with good associated precision, and OM3 had a lower AIC score (77.61)  than the base model (OM1, 80.39), whereas OM2 (AIC 82.41) had a similar AIC score, suggesting the OMs were all plausible model alternatives. Our model testing resulted in a plausible subset of management options, and stakeholders selected a permanent closure of the first fishing season based on overall performance of this option; ability to reduce the risk of fishery closure and stock collapse; robustness to uncertainties; and ease of implementation. Our simulation approach enabled the selection of an optimal yet pragmatic solution for addressing economic and conservation objectives under a variable environment with extreme events.     

江苏省土壤修复产业发展现状及对策分析

简述了江苏省土壤修复市场发展情况及土壤修复技术发展现状.从营商环境、市场竞争力、标准法规建设等方面分析存在的市场问题,提出应规范市场环境、培育企业竞争力,加强标准制定、模式创新和人才培养的建议.针对场地环境调查与风险评估技术有待提升、地下水修复技术研发工作投入不足、修复后土壤监测和安全再利用问题突出等技术问题,提出,应...     

华北与闽粤沿海及银川地震区(带)地震周期的划分与研究

按地震在空间上的相似活动过程排列的华北与闽粤沿海及银川地震区 (带 )地震活动周期表 ,以华北地震活动为主线 ,将公元前 2 80年咸阳 5 级地震至 1 988年 2月 2 5日彰武 4 8级地震间 2 2 6 7年的华北地震活动划分为 4个时间层次。其组合关系是 ,一个超长地震周期由初、前、主、余震期 4个地震期组成 ;除前震期只有一个地震周期外 ,初、主、余震期都包含前弱后强两个地震周期 ;每个地震周期多分为初、前、主、余震段 4个地震段。闽粤沿海地震区和银川地震带的主震段分别与华北初、余震段同期活动。地震周期是介于前人划分的地震幕与地震活动期之间一个新的更为重要的时间层次。华北 7个地震周期的起止时间是 :-2 80 .5 0～ 8.2 2～ 880 .1 2～ 1 337.6 9～ 1 5 6 8.37～ 1 730 .75～ 1 85 5 .95～ 1 988.1 5年。并从时空强 3方面阐述了华北地震周期性活动规律 ,分析了 3个地震区、带地震周期的相互关系。华北地震周期可作为标准地震周期与不同地区地震周期相对比 ,具有重要的预报意义