Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

国内外化学镀镍老化液处理方法

简述了化学镀镍的工艺流程,镀液及老化液成分,以及国内外现有的对化学镀镍老化液处理方法,包括化学法、电解法、离子交换法和膜分离技术。     

家畜沤肥浸渍液对青椒枯萎病的防治及作用机理

研究表明家畜沤肥浸渍液对青枯萎病具有显著防治效果,其中猪粪沤肥浸液在温室盆栽的防治效果为88．5％,马粪、牛粪沤肥浸渍液在温室盆栽的防治效果分别为56．6％和65．5％,作用机理研究结果表明,①三种沤肥浸渍液对青椒枯萎病菌的厚坦孢子、小孢子都具有强烈的溶菌作用。②沤肥微生物中具有对青椒枯萎病菌有强烈的拮抗作用的细菌。③沤肥浸渍液处理青椒后,β－1,3－葡聚糖酶,多酚氧化酶,苯丙氨酸转氨酶活性分别增高12．0％、367．0％和20．0％。④沤肥浸渍液处理青椒后,其植株高度、叶片厚度和叶脉直径均比对照有所增高。显示防病机理既有拮抗作用,又有诱导抗性作用。表5参12     

利用废泡沫塑料制备防水涂料

介绍了利用废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制备水乳型防水涂料的工艺流程、配方及其性能测试方法。     

堆肥腐熟度的研究进展

评价腐熟度是有关堆肥土地安全利用最重要的问题之一。腐熟度指标可分为三类：物理学指标、化学指标及生物学指标。物理学指标易于检测,常用于描述堆肥过程所处的状态;化学指标得到了广泛研究和应用;堆肥过程是一个生物过程,腐熟度与未腐熟堆肥中植物毒性物质有关,可采用生物学方法进行评价。现在还没有一种公认的堆肥腐熟度指标。采用化学和生物指标综合评价腐熟度是目前最为常用的评价方法。     

环境温度对污泥堆肥的影响

堆体温度受各种理化参数的影响,也与环境温度有密切关系。试验表明,地污泥堆起始升温影响不大,５．８℃以上的环境温度污泥堆肥均可以顺利升温,但是达到高温期的污泥肥,因为易降解有机质含量的减少,使其产热量减少;环境温度的剧烈变化会影响马过程的进行,环境温度降低至５℃以下时,本试验堆量的污泥堆肥已难以进行,环境温度在１０以上时,经过通气等的堆肥可以进行。     

动物粪便堆肥的养分淋溶特征模拟研究

通过室内土柱模拟实验,研究了自然条件下土壤施用不同量的动物粪便堆肥对氮、磷和钾的淋失的影响,结果表明:氮、磷和钾的淋出量都与堆肥用量呈正相关关系,总氮的淋出主要集中在土壤下层,随着施肥量的增加,淋出液总氮浓度最高达到300mg·l-1,可能对地下水造成污染,总磷主要聚集在土壤的上层,最高达到8.5mg·l-1,磷向下迁移较为缓慢,随淋溶次数的变化不显著.土柱上层渗滤液中钾的含量远大于下层,各施肥量处理都在前三次淋溶中随淋溶次数的增加而有一定程度减小,随后趋于稳定.     

基于磁性纳米粒子固定技术的漆酶传感器用于垃圾堆肥中邻苯二酚的检测

以邻苯二酚为检测目标,研究了一种基于核/壳磁性纳米粒子固定漆酶的邻苯二酚生物传感器制备方法及其在城市生活垃圾堆肥中的应用.制备Fe₃O₄磁性纳米颗粒,使用正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）和氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷（APTMS）将其功能化并利用戊二醛将漆酶共价固定,借助磁场吸附在磁性碳糊电极上,检测邻苯二酚.固定在电极表面的漆酶保持了很好的活性.该生物传感器的检测线性范围为7.5×10^-7～2.75×10^-4 mol/L,检测下限达到7.5×10^-7 mol/L,达到稳态电流95%所需时间大概为70 s.将该传感器检测堆肥浸出液中酚的含量的结果与高效液相色谱法对比,两者非常接近.     

城市生活垃圾堆肥厂臭气的产生及防控技术进展

阐述了城市生活垃圾堆肥厂臭气的产生、成分及其危害,认为垃圾堆肥厂臭气成分概括来讲主要分为硫化物、胺类、挥发性脂肪酸、酮类以及醛类,但详细、完整的臭气成分还有待于今后进一步研究。对于臭气的防止及其控制技术,进行了总结。堆肥臭气主要防止措施包括在堆肥结构、通气方式、外加改良物质等方面进行的优化与控制。着重介绍了四种生物除臭法,即生物过滤法、生物洗涤法、生物滴滤法和曝气式生物除臭法的各自特点和技术进展。最后认为由于垃圾堆肥恶臭成分的多样性,单一的处理方法往往效果有限,两种或两种以上的方法联用具有较好的发展前景。     

Arsenic mobility in brownfield soils amended with green waste compost or biochar and planted with Miscanthus

Degraded land that is historically contaminated from different sources of industrial waste provides an opportunity for conversion to bioenergy fuel production and also to increase sequestration of carbon in soil through organic amendments. In pot experiments, As mobility was investigated in three different brownfield soils amended with green waste compost (GWC, 30% v/v) or biochar (BC, 20% v/v), planted with Miscanthus. Using GWC improved crop yield but had little effect on foliar As uptake, although the proportion of As transferred from roots to foliage differed considerably between the three soils. It also increased dissolved carbon concentrations in soil pore water that influenced Fe and As mobility. Effects of BC were less pronounced, but the impacts of both amendments on SOC, Fe, P and pH are likely to be critical in the context of As leaching to ground water. Growing Miscanthus had no measurable effect on As mobility.