氧化塘底泥与稻草堆肥过程中养分变化研究

氧化塘污泥中含有较丰富的各种氮、磷养分,将氧化塘污泥堆肥处置后农用是一种有效的处置方式。采用静态强制通气堆对氧化塘底泥进行堆肥处理,对堆肥过程中氮磷的变化规律进行了研究。试验结果表明,堆肥过程中总氮含量下降了17.5%,总磷含量上升了47.0%,堆肥的时间以49d左右为宜。     

Heavy metal accumulation of urban domestic rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating

Seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating were investigated. With EDTA application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. The enrichment coefficients of Lolium perenne L（L） and Festuca arundinacea L（F） to Cr reached 9.4.5 and 6.15 respectively. In the range of EDTA dosages given, heavy metal accumulation in turfgrass increased with increasing EDTA level. There were significant differences in remediation of different metals by applying EDTA. L had high ability to accumulate Cr, Cd, Ni and Zn, showing better remediation to heavy metals of rubbish compost. In contrast, F showed high ability to accumulate Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn. Low EDTA level increased aboveground net primary production （ANP） of turfgrass, but EDTA would considerably inhibit it when EDTA was higher than 20 mmol/kg. The results demonstrated that the optimum dosage of EDTA for remediating heavy metals in rubbish compost by turfgrass was between 10 mmol/kg and 20 mmol/kg.     

城市垃圾与排水污泥混合堆肥配比的研究

配比是城市垃圾与排水系统污泥（污水厂污泥和管道污泥）混合堆肥工艺的关键参数。研究以理论和实验分析的方法，确定了合理的实验方法，即以堆反原料参数空隙率与堆肥过程评价参数（稳定周期或过程平均耗氧速率）的实验数据相关分析来确定适宜配比值域。城市垃圾与污水厂污泥适宜配比，城市垃圾与污水厂污泥、管道污泥适宜配比，分别为０．２６～０．３８、０．３～０．４（总污泥重量分率）。     

通气静态仓式污泥好氧堆肥的中试研究

将污泥、回流堆肥和木片按体积比为 1∶1∶1和 1∶1∶1 6的比例混合 ,采用通气静态仓进行高温好氧堆肥 ,在堆体温度顺利上升至 5 5℃ ,并保持 3d以上的条件下 ,堆肥产品的卫生学指标符合国家标准。堆肥过程中的含水率和有机质VS含量显著减少 ,至堆肥结束时分别为 2 1 1%、43 3%和 32 4%、2 9 8% ;而NO-3 含量明显提高 ,分别从初始时的 32 1mg/kg和 345mg/kg提高到46 5 8mg/kg和3 6 87mg/kg ,可作为本系统污泥堆肥腐熟的一个标志。     

镍镉电池废镉极板制备碳酸镉的研究

针对镍镉电池生产过程中产生的废泡沫式镉极板 ,提出了一条“溶解 萃取 沉淀”法生产碳酸镉的工艺路线。试验探讨了H2 SO4 溶解活性材料、P2 0 4 萃取Cd、H2 SO4 反萃Cd、Na2 CO3 沉淀Cd的条件     

Chlorination of p-cymene by chlorine in carbon tetrachloride: Model compounds for environmental analyses

p-Cymene was chlorinated by chlorine in CCl₄. The products of the chlorination were separated by distillation and purified by preparative gas chromatography. The structures of chlorocompounds were confirmed by means of their NMR and mass spectra. The distillation gave as the main compounds: (2) 2-chloro-, (4) 2,3-dichloro-, (5) 2,5-dichloro-, (6) 2,3,6-trichloro-, (7) 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-p-cymenes and as by-products: (8) 2,5,7-trichloro-p-cymene, (9) 2,6-dichloro-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)benzene (cymenene), and (10) 2,3,6-trichloro-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)benzene (cymenene).     

硫杆菌浸出废旧MH/Ni电池中重金属研究

生物淋滤法具有对环境友好、反应温和、运行成本低等优点,近年来主要用于回收难浸提矿石中有用金属及城市污泥有毒重金属脱除。应用氧化硫硫杆菌和氧化亚铁硫杆菌对废旧MH/Ni电池电极材料中重金属进行了生物淋滤处理可行性及工艺技术研究,考查了初始pH值、电极材料投加量、温度及底物单质硫添加量对金属Ni、Co浸出率的影响。试验结果表明:硫杆菌可以浸出电极材料中的重金属Ni和Co,初始pH值及温度对生物淋滤过程金属Ni、Co浸出率影响显著。在初始pH值1.0、电极材料质量分数为1.0%、温度30℃、底物单质硫质量浓度为4.0g·L-1条件下,经过20d生物淋滤,废旧MH/Ni电池中金属Ni和Co浸出率分别为95.7%和72.4%。     

醋酸生产中的污染与防治

介绍了大庆石化总厂醋酸装置投用后废水处理、废渣循环利用及废水综合治理的情况，并对今后治理污染提出了初步设想。     

废旧Zn-C电池-活性污泥炭优化制备的研究

以污水处理厂二次污泥为主要原料,掺杂废旧Zn-C电池电极材料制备废旧Zn-C电池-活性污泥炭.同时,采用Plackett-Burman(P-B)和响应面中心复合实验设计(RSM-CCD)对影响污泥炭吸附性能的7个操作条件进行筛选和优化.P-B实验结果与统计学分析表明,掺杂比、炭化温度和炭化时间是影响吸附性能的3个关键因素.以碘吸附值为响应目标,对3个主要因素进行响应面法优化分析确定碘吸附模型,并得到最优操作条件为:掺杂比10%、炭化温度350℃和炭化时间20 min,此条件下制备的改性污泥炭的碘吸附值和比表面积分别达到530.1 mg·g~(-1)和429.5 m2·g~(-1);Zeta电位和阳离子交换容量分别为~(-1)5.50 m V、30.9×10-2mmol·g~(-1),更适合吸附重金属离子.     

Release characteristics and control of nitrogen,phosphate, organic matter from spent mushroom compost amended soil in a column experiment

Spent mushroom compost (SMC) is a co-product of edible mushroom which contains abundant nutrients including organics, nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P). This study is related to the release potential of nitrogen, phosphate and organic matter from SMC amended soil in column-based experiments. Results showed that due to SMC application, NH₄⁺–N and NO₃⁻–N concentrations in leachate decreased by 92.5% and 76.3%, respectively, while EC and COD_Cr concentrations increased by 84.2% and 481.9%, respectively, as compared to chemical fertilizers. Moreover, a minor loss of TN_cum (65%) and TP_cum (almost equal value) exhibited good nutrient retention capacity. Leaching test results demonstrated that the mixed application of SMC and chemical fertilizers could alleviate excessive COD_Cr level in SMC leachate. The release process of nutrients in SMC amended soil could be described by first/first order mixed model, indicating that nutrients leached from SMC follow a two-stage pattern.