典型野生食用菌重金属含量及其人体健康风险评价

土壤重金属污染是影响生态环境、食品安全和人体健康的重要因素.云南省土壤重金属背景值较高,且矿产资源丰富、采矿活动频繁,导致土壤重金属含量较高.野生食用菌是高效重金属储积器,云南是中国野生食用菌最大产区.因此,本文以云南省8种典型野生食用菌为研究对象,探究其重金属含量(汞、镉、铅、锌、铜、砷)与分配特征,采用单因子污染指...     

废锂电池放电及正极片分离回收处理

研究了废锂电池放电及正极片分离回收处理工艺。实验结果表明:经质量浓度30 g/L NaCl溶液浸泡9.0 h可实现电池放电,残余电压在0.5 V以下;在60℃恒温水浴振荡、NaOH质量浓度40 g/L、废锂电池质量与NaOH溶液体积的比为15 g/L的优化条件下,集流体完全与活性物质分离,回收得到的黑色粉末为LiCoO2活性材料,未见铝杂质的特征峰;通过硫酸中和的方法回收碱浸溶液中的铝,当体系pH为10.0时,可获得最大量的Al(OH)3沉淀,沉淀物颗粒表面光滑,粒径大小不一。     

堆肥腐熟度的研究进展

评价腐熟度是有关堆肥土地安全利用最重要的问题之一。腐熟度指标可分为三类：物理学指标、化学指标及生物学指标。物理学指标易于检测,常用于描述堆肥过程所处的状态;化学指标得到了广泛研究和应用;堆肥过程是一个生物过程,腐熟度与未腐熟堆肥中植物毒性物质有关,可采用生物学方法进行评价。现在还没有一种公认的堆肥腐熟度指标。采用化学和生物指标综合评价腐熟度是目前最为常用的评价方法。     

环境温度对污泥堆肥的影响

堆体温度受各种理化参数的影响,也与环境温度有密切关系。试验表明,地污泥堆起始升温影响不大,５．８℃以上的环境温度污泥堆肥均可以顺利升温,但是达到高温期的污泥肥,因为易降解有机质含量的减少,使其产热量减少;环境温度的剧烈变化会影响马过程的进行,环境温度降低至５℃以下时,本试验堆量的污泥堆肥已难以进行,环境温度在１０以上时,经过通气等的堆肥可以进行。     

Nitrous oxide gas removal by using compost-based biofilter medium

This paper is aimed at introducing our research result in the efficiency in removing nitrous oxide gas (N2O) by using compost as a medium filter,which is actually a kind of manure derived from cow faeces at Kukusan Kelurahan farm containg wood chips and some other microorganisms.Practically speaking,N2O is a major greenhouse gas,whose continuous presence in the atmosphere is expected to last over a 100 years and produce its radiative warming effect just next to CO2.In spite of its rather small concentration in the atmosphere,it is the Number Four largest greenhouse gas contributor to the overall global warming,behind carbon dioxide,methane and water vapour.The biofiltration experiments we have conducted to explore its removing rate of N2O from flue gas help us to find various operating factors in the biofilter system.So far as we know,N2O gas has been fed from the top of the column.It was flowing through the column when it is made to get circulated with a peristaltic pump for 6 hours.The data obtained in our paper prove to be in conformity with the Langmuir adsorption model.The highest N2O gas removing efficiency can be made to be as high as 70.22% at the highest biofilter length of 50 cm with the gas flowing rate of 200 mL/min.The results of this research have finally been modeled by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula with its K value obtained being 16.949 L/mol.     

园林绿地施用污泥堆肥对环境影响研究

园林绿地施用污泥(来源于天津纪庄子污水处理厂)堆肥的试验表明:径流和渗滤水中硝酸盐的增加是最主要的污染问题,但污泥堆肥用量控制在50t/hm2以内,不会对地面水和地下水产生不良影响?该厂污泥中的重金属和有机污染物亦不会对径流和渗滤水产生明显不良影响?      

利用废泡沫塑料制备防水涂料

介绍了利用废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制备水乳型防水涂料的工艺流程、配方及其性能测试方法。     

糠醇生产中铜铬废触媒资源化研究

对已有的糠醇生产中产生的废渣回收工艺进行了改进。将糠醛液相加氢生产糠醇产生的废渣于 130℃真空蒸馏回收废渣中的有机混合物 ,经过精馏获得糠醇与糠醛 ;剩余的固体废触媒与纯碱混合 ,经反射炉焙烧、水浸取、掺加石灰除硅、过滤得到铬酸钠水溶液 ;剩下的粗氧化铜经碱溶除铬、溶于硝酸得到硝酸铜溶液 ;将铬酸钠溶液、硝酸铜溶液按一定比例混合 ,加氨水搅拌 ,分离出的沉淀经传统方法焙烧活化、造粒制得新催化剂 ,回用于糠醛液相加氢生产糠醇。有机物、铬组分和铜组分的回收率均在 90 %以上     

Microbial safety control of compost material with cow dung by heat treatment

Various kinds of pathogenic bacteria derived from the intestinal tract of animals exist in compost material like cow dung.In order to sterilize the pathogenic bacteria completely in compost material,the cow dung was put into a heat treatment machine in pilot plan, and harmless condition in short time was examined.The results indicated,pathogenic indicator bacteria such as coliform bacteria, fecal coliform,Escherichia coli and salmonella were all 10~6 cfu/g dw at the beginning,died rapidly when cow dung temperature rose to above 50℃,and not detected at 54-68℃for 6-24 h heat treatment.Coliform bacteria and salmonella in heated cow dung were not detected by re-growth culture and enrichment culture examination.Moreover,it was hardly influenced on the fermentation ability of composting microbe,organic decomposition bacteria.During heat treatment,the mesophile decreased rapidly and the thermophile stabilized or increased,and the most of composting microbe were bacillus in cow dung by fluorescence microscope,this indicated that bacillus was dominator and composting microbe in composting process.     

城市污水处理厂污泥及剩余麻黄废渣堆肥化研究

对城市污水污泥与麻黄废渣进行堆肥无害化处理，考察了温度、水分、pH及各有机成分的变化趋势，探讨了堆肥腐熟度的指标。