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153.
ZHANG Ya-lei FANG Zhen-wei XU De-qiang XIAO Yi-ping ZHAO Jian-fu QIANG Zhi-min 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2005,17(2):271-275
An aerobic bacterium strain, F-3-4, capable of effectively degrading 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol(2,6-DTBP), was isolated and screened out from an acrylic fiber wastewater and the biofilm in the wastewater treatment facilities. This strain was identified as Alcaligenes sp. through morphological, physiological and biochemical examinations. After cultivation, the strain was enhanced by 26.3% in its degradation capacity for 2,6-DTBP. Results indicated that the strain was able to utilize 2,6-DTBP, lysine, lactamine, citrate, n-utenedioic acid and malic acid as the sole carbon and energy source, alkalinize acetamide, asparagine, L-histidine, acetate, citrate and propionate,but failed to utilize glucose, D-fructose, D-seminose, D-xylose, sedne and phenylalanine as the sole carbon and energy source. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be: temperature 37℃, pH 7.0, inoculum size 0.1% and shaker rotary speed 250 r/min. Under the optimal conditions, the degradation kinetics of 2,6-DTBP with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L was studied. Results indicated that 62.4% of 2,6-DTBP was removed after 11 d. The degradation kinetics could be expressed by Eckenfelder equation with a half life of 9.38 d. In addition, the initial concentration of 2,6-DTBP played an important role on the degradation ability of the strain. The maximum initial concentration of 2,6-DTBP was determined to be 200 mg/L. Above this level, the strain was overloaded and exhibited significant inhibition. 相似文献
154.
应用红外方法探讨耐镉菌株高积累Cd2+的机理 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
从安徽某冶炼厂污染土壤中分离出一株能耐高浓度镉的菌株(J5),经初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.).该菌株在液体培养基中耐受40 mmol·L-1 CdSO4,在固体培养基上耐受75mmol·L-1 CdSO4.培养基中Cd2+、Zn2+、Pb2+、Cu2+浓度分别为100 mg·L-1和Mn2+浓度为275mg·L-1时,菌株生长正常.在重金属Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+、Mn2+存在时,采用红外光谱与原子吸收光谱分析菌株对Cd2+的积累,结果表明,在低浓度Cd2+溶液中菌株细胞对Cd2+的积累,主要靠细胞壁上-NH2与Cd2+配位结合;在高浓度Cd2+溶液中,细胞壁上-NH2、-OH、-COOH、-PO43-、-M-O(O-M-O)基团吸附Cd2+的能力显著.Mn2+可以增加细胞壁上有效官能团活性,提高Cd2+积累率;但当有Zn2+、Pb2+、Cu2+重金属离子共存时,即使有Mn2+存在,菌体对Cd2+吸附积累能力未见提高. 相似文献
155.
Yucai Lü Xiaofen Wang Ning Li Xiaojuan Wang Masaharu Ishii Yasuo Igarashi Zongjun Cui 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4)
An efficient cellulose degrading bacteria exists in the thermophilic wheat straw-degrading community, WDC2. However, this strain cannot be isolated and cultured using conventional separation techniques under strict anaerobic conditions. We successfully isolated a strain of effective cellulose degrading bacteria CTL-6 using a wash, heat shock, and solid-liquid alternating process. Analysis of its properties revealed that, although the community containing the strain CTL-6 grew under aerobic conditions, the purified strain CTL-6 only grew under anaerobic culture conditions. The strain CTL-6 had a striking capability of degrading cellulose (80.9% weight loss after 9 days of culture). The highest efficiency value of the endocellulase (CMCase activity) was 0.404 μtmol/(min-mL), cellulose degradation efficiency by CTL-6 was remarkably high at 50-65°C with the highest degradation efficiency observed at 60°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the closest relative to strain CTL-6 belonged to the genus Clostridium thermocellum. Strain CTL-6 was capable of utilizing cellulose, celiobiose, and glucose. Strain CTL-6 also grew with Sorbitol as the sole carbon source, whereas C.therrnocellum is unable to do so. 相似文献
156.
从长期受甲胺磷农药污染的土壤中采集土样,经过富集培养,稀释倒平板后划线分离得到3个菌株,分别编号为J-1,J-2,J-3菌株。将分离到的3个菌株接种到富集培养基中培养后,利用钼锑抗分光光度法测定磷含量变化,明显可以看出J-3菌株具有较高的降解能力,因此选择J-3菌株作为下一步研究的对象。经形态学和生理生化指标初步鉴定J-3菌株为假单胞菌。J-3菌株能在没有外加碳氮源的情况下以甲胺磷作为唯一的碳源和氮源生长。另外,确定J-3菌株降解甲胺磷的最适温度为37℃,最适pH为7.0,外加碳氮源分别为葡萄糖和蛋白胨,最适装液量和接种量分别为100,250mL和8%等降解特性。 相似文献
157.
分离到1株吡啶降解菌——脱氮副球菌(Paracoccus denitrificans W12),将其附着生长于颗粒活性竹炭(ABC)制备成生物活性竹炭(BABC),分别以游离菌和固着菌开展对水中吡啶的去除实验.结果表明,0.31g·L-1游离态W12菌可在26.5~48.9h内将48.70~1399mg·L-1的吡啶完全降解;附着于ABC的W12菌不仅保持其降解能力,而且BABC通过吸附与降解的协同作用更高效地去除吡啶,当温度为35℃,BABC投加量为10.0g·L-1时,692.2mg·L-1的吡啶在前3.6h主要通过吸附作用降低52%,其后主要通过生物降解作用至23.7h被基本去除,随着BABC投加量和处理批次的增加,吡啶去除效率显著提高.研究进一步从微观结构上对BABC去除水中吡啶的协同作用机制进行了探讨. 相似文献
158.
多功能细菌复合系NSC-7的菌种组成多样性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
NSC-7是一组具有降解纤维素和林丹双重功能的细菌复合系.为系统了解复合系的菌种组成,在有氧条件下,利用传统的平板画线法分离到11株单菌,将11株单菌按体积比1∶1重新组合并不具备分解纤维素的能力,利用单层和双层平板滤纸法检测NSC-7的分解能力,发现只有双层平板上的滤纸变黄且降解,说明复合系内纤维素降解的关键菌是厌氧或微好氧菌.利用现代分子生物学技术对NSC-7构建克隆文库,获得了195个16S rDNA片断,经DGGE筛选获得25个代表克隆,其序列数据库比对结果中有60%的近缘种为已知菌,分别归属于Clostridium、Petrobacter、Bacteria、Paenibacillus、Proteobacterium 5个属,其余40%的近缘种为难培养菌株. 相似文献
159.
Biodegradation of malathion by Acinetobacter johnsonii MA19 and
optimization of cometabolism substrates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To enhance the removal efficiency of malathion in the wastewater from organophosphate pesticide mill, a bacterium, Acinetobacter johnsonii MA19, that could degrade malathion with cometabolism was isolated from malathion-polluted soil samples using enrichment culture techniques. Four kinds of additional compounds, sodium succinate, sodium acetate, glucose, and fructose were tested to choose a favorite carbon source for the cometabolism of strain MA19. The results showed that sodium succinate and sodium acetate could promote malathion biodegradation and cell growth. The investigation results of effects of sodium succinate concentrations on the malathion biodegradation indicated that the more sodium succinate supplied resulted in quick degradation ofmalathion and fast cells multiplied. Zero-order kinetic model was appropriate to describe the malathion biodegradation when the concentration of sodium succinate was more than 0.5144 g/L. The degradation rate constant (K) reached the maximum value of 3.5837 mg/(L·h) when the mass ratio of sodium succinate to malathion was 128.6 mg/mg. The aquatic toxicity of the malathion was evaluated using the test organism, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. The data obtained suggested that the toxicity of malathion could be ignored after 84 h biodegradation. Our result demonstrates the potential for using bacterium A. Johnsonii MA19 for malathion biodegradation and environmental bioremediation when some suitable conventional carbon sources are supplied. 相似文献
160.
为了探索利用微生物控制正在爆发水华的富营养化城市内湖的效果,试验利用光合细菌(Rhodop seudomonas palustris)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)2种微生物菌剂,采用直接投放的方式,治理武汉市重度富营养化湖泊四美塘湖(西),治理时间从2008年8月1日持续到2008年9月27日,治理结束后,湖水水质从劣Ⅴ类提高到Ⅴ类,高锰酸钾盐指数除去率达52.78%,TN除去率达49.26%,TP除去率达73.02%,氨氮除去率达16.18%,Chl-a含量降低了46.70%。治理进行1个月后,湖水的感官效果大幅提高,藻类水华完全消失,透明度提高,不良气味消失。在投菌结束后的3个月内,湖水水质仍然保持良好,没有出现反弹。利用复合微生物菌剂治理富营养化湖泊,控制水华的爆发,是一种经济、快速、无二次污染的富营养化水体治理方法,如将其与其他的治理技术相结合将会使其在富营养化水体治理领域中发挥重要的作用。 相似文献