Erosional Consequence of Saltcedar Control

Removal of nonnative riparian trees is accelerating to conserve water and improve habitat for native species. Widespread control of dominant species, however, can lead to unintended erosion. Helicopter herbicide application in 2003 along a 12-km reach of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico, eliminated the target invasive species saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), which dominated the floodplain, as well as the native species sandbar willow (Salix exigua Nuttall), which occurred as a fringe along the channel. Herbicide application initiated a natural experiment testing the importance of riparian vegetation for bank stability along this data-rich river. A flood three years later eroded about 680,000 m³ of sediment, increasing mean channel width of the sprayed reach by 84%. Erosion upstream and downstream from the sprayed reach during this flood was inconsequential. Sand eroded from channel banks was transported an average of 5 km downstream and deposited on the floodplain and channel bed. Although vegetation was killed across the floodplain in the sprayed reach, erosion was almost entirely confined to the channel banks. The absence of dense, flexible woody stems on the banks reduced drag on the flow, leading to high shear stress at the toe of the banks, fluvial erosion, bank undercutting, and mass failure. The potential for increased erosion must be included in consideration of phreatophyte control projects.     

某热电厂灰坝工程坝坡稳定性分析

某热电厂灰坝由粘聚力较小的石渣填筑,而粘聚力较小的砂粘土、砂土、砾石、碎石等筑成的土坡、大坝,边坡破坏时其破裂面近似平面,在横断面上近似直线.利用此理论,在有渗水和无渗水作用时对该灰坝外侧坝坡进行稳定性分析.     

基于吸附质-分子探针的新型交联壳聚糖的吸附特性

研究了CCTS对低浓度游离酸的吸附特性,基于吸附质-分子探针电位法,考察了吸附剂活性中心数目、游离酸种类和温度对吸附行为的影响。结果表明,在30℃时,CCTS吸附游离酸的过程,遵循单分子层机理进行吸附。吸附剂―吸附质相互作用能U制约表观吸附速率常数K,K、U大小分别为2.519×10-2,4.084×10-2,9.398×10-2L/min和7.264,7.420,7.926 kJ/mol,两者存在线性相关性,呈逐渐增大趋势。K、U大小随着活性中心数目G的增加而增大。CCTS吸附游离酸为吸热过程,吸附表观活化能Ea为33.98 kJ/mol。3种类型游离酸K、U的大小顺序为:HClO4>HNO3>H2SO4,吸附分维数Dw分别为1.384、1.567、1.911,Dw值越大,导致表观吸附速率常数降低。     

川渝地区甲醛柱浓度时空变化及其影响因子的相关性分析

基于Aura-OMI HCHO数据,研究川渝地区2009—2017年甲醛柱浓度变化及影响因素.结果表明:9年间川渝地区甲醛浓度变化总体较为平稳,与全国其他地区相比,浓度均值较低.年变化中,四川省甲醛浓度整体高于重庆市,川渝两地的年均最高值分别出现在2011年和2012年,且2015年重庆出现最大下降速率.整个研究区在最高值变化中,1月、2月及11月出现极高值.9年间甲醛浓度整体先上升后下降,浓度等级二级一级三级其他级别,绝对高值集中分布在康定和雅安交界一带,季节变化呈现春季秋季夏季冬季的规律,与全国其他地区夏季最高有所不同.稳定性方面,研究区中部偏西波动较大,东西两部较为稳定,康定和雅安交界处为高波动区,川西西部、川东平行岭谷和重庆为低波动区,其他地区为中等波动区.地形、气候和风向等自然因素的综合作用对甲醛浓度值的大小及空间分布贡献极大,自然地理条件尤其与极端高值高且集中的特点关系密切.社会经济因素中,生产总值增长速度和能源消费总量增长率与四川省和重庆市两地的甲醛浓度变化正相关关系较强,木材加工及草制品业与之负相关关系较强,而纺织业、化学原料和化学品制造业、石油和核燃料加工业只与四川省甲醛浓度有较强的负相关性,重庆相对较弱.     

一种适用于深水压试验的传压隔热装置设计

目的真实高效地进行深水压环境的温度模拟。方法提出一种深水压试验压力加载过程中的恒温实现方法,通过开展基于皮囊的结构设计、密封性设计、导热性研究等工作,设计一种适用于深水压试验的传压隔热装置,对其进行理论分析和仿真计算。结果该装置可以实现液体温度在较长时间内基本恒定,具有良好的传压隔热性能。结论在建立的实验系统上进行了试验研究,实现了深水压环境模拟试验中压力载荷同步条件下液体温度小范围恒定功能,该技术为深水压环境试验的相关技术研究提供了技术储备。     

生物沥浸耦合类Fenton氧化调理城市污泥

采用生物沥浸耦合类Fenton氧化工艺对城市污泥进行了调理研究.结果表明,在升华硫和Fe SO4·7H2O投量分别为3g·L-1和8 g·L-1时,污泥p H从6.9降至2.5约需1 d,满足类Fenton氧化的适宜酸性条件.生物沥浸处理后,污泥挥发性固体(VS)减少率为13.4%,污泥比阻从3.1×109s2·g-1降至1.5×109s2·g-1,降低51.6%,但仍属于难脱水污泥.沥浸污泥继续经类Fenton氧化调理,调理的最佳H2O2投量和反应时间分别为3.3 g·L-1和60 min.处理后污泥VS减少率为30.8%,污泥比阻和滤饼含水率分别为1.9×108s2·g-1和76.9%,污泥比阻降低93.9%,污泥脱水性能和稳定性能得到显著提高.此外,该联合工艺对污泥的调理效果优于类Fenton氧化单独调理.     

VALUE OF WOODY RWER CORRIDORS IN LEVEE PROTECTION ALONG THE MISSOURI RWER IN 19931

ABSTRACT: Following the Midwest flood of 1993, a study was initiated along a 39-mile segment of the Missouri River to determine if there was an association between woody corridors and levee stability. A systematic sample of levee failures revealed that primary levees which did not fail had a significantly wider woody corridor than failed levees. Analysis of the total inventory of failed levees revealed that as the width of the woody corridor decreased, the length of the levee failure increased. Number of levee failures and their severity of damage could be reduced if woody corridors were at least 300 feet wide.     

HMX与低熔点含能材料混合物的热安定性研究

目的 研究环四亚甲基四硝胺(HMX)与2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)、2,4-二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)、3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)3种低熔点、高挥发性含能材料混合后的热安定性及相关性质.方法 将HMX与3种低熔点含能材料按照质量比1:1进行混合,采用动态测压热分析法(DPTA)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)...     

Vapour pressures, aqueous solubility, Henry's law constants and air/water partition coefficients of 1,8-dichlorooctane and 1,8-dibromooctane

New data on the vapour pressures and aqueous solubility of 1,8-dichlorooctane and 1,8-dibromooctane are reported as a function of temperature between 20 °C and 80 °C and 1 °C and 40 °C, respectively. For the vapour pressures, a static method was used during the measurements which have an estimated uncertainty between 3% and 5%. The aqueous solubilities were determined using a dynamic saturation column method and the values are accurate to within ±10%. 1,8-Dichlorooctane is more volatile than 1,8-dibromooctane in the temperature range covered (p_sat varies from 3 to 250 Pa and from 0.53 to 62 Pa, respectively) and is also approximately three times more soluble in water (mole fraction solubilities at 25 °C of 5.95 × 10⁻⁷ and 1.92 × 10⁻⁷, respectively). A combination of the two sets of data allowed the calculation of the Henry’s law constants and the air water partition coefficients. A simple group contribution concept was used to rationalize the data obtained.     

某场地边坡稳定分析方法的比较研究*

为了对边坡稳定性分析方法进行研究,以某场地高填方边坡和直立边坡为研究对象,基于Geostudio、理正软件以及ANSYS软件,采用M-P法、Bishop法和强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析。结果表明:高填方边坡安全系数为1.3,为稳定边坡;AB,BC,CD段地块间边坡边坡安全系数依次为0.479,0.410,0.381,基坑边坡安全系数为0.436,均为不稳定边坡;其中,M-P法得到的安全系数偏保守,Bishop法得到的安全系数结果较可靠,强度折减法得到的结果最为理想。研究结果可为边坡稳定性研究与治理提供借鉴。