威远震旦系天然气与油气生运聚

根据威远震旦系气藏天然气组成、同位素特征、储层包裹体的对比研究 ,我们认为该气藏的天然气主要来源于下寒武统筇竹寺组泥岩 ,其天然气主要是干酪根裂解气 ,次为油的裂解气。威远震旦系气藏是喜山期形成的 ,威远的天然气无论是干酪根裂解气还是油裂解气都由北面古构造聚集的干酪根裂解气和油裂解气转移而来 ,威远构造之所以能形成工业聚集的重要原因就是威远构造的形成与北面古构造的消失的良好匹配关系     

Time series analysis of elemental and isotopic data from biomineralized whale tissue

A temporal record of environmental conditions is often contained within accretionary biological tissue. These records can provide knowledge of the environmental conditions that existed at the time the tissue was formed. In this study, we look at trace element concentrations and isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen as contained in baleen from bowhead whales in the eastern and western Arctic Ocean. Time series techniques, including maximum likelihood method and likelihood ratio tests, are applied to analysis of data and inference about their mean structures.     

Tertiary metallogenesis in the Eastern Alps: the Waldenstein hematite deposit (Austria)

The specularite deposit at Waldenstein is an epigenetic replacement/vein-type hematite mineralization with distinct alteration zones. It is situated in highly metamorphosed schists and, gneisses of the Koralm Crystalline Complex. Sericitization and chloritization are strictly bound to this alteration and occur within a few meters of the hematite veins. Radiometric dating of the sericitization and the implicity of the mineralization yield a Middle Eocene age. Petrographic evidence proves an early, relatively reduced paragenesis (magnetite, ilmenite) being partly replaced by hematite and chlorite during the main phase of ore formation. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope investigations indicate that formation temperatures were approximately 300°C during the main stage and decreased to 200°C in the latest stage of the hydrothermal event. The H-isotope compositions of chlorites and of fluid inclusions in quartz indicate the influence of seawater. This also explains the high salinities determined by fluid inclusion studies (20–30% NaCl equiv.). According to the genetic model presented in this paper the hydrothermal activity started when the deformation accompanying the uplift of the Koralm Crystalline Complex passed from a ductile to brittle regime (Middle Eocene). The brittle faults acted as channelways for rising, deep fluids, probably of metamorphic origin. Temperature differences between the different uplifting crustal segments supported fluid circulation. Precipitation of the ore occurred at shallow crustal levels where the hydraulic regime was dominated by seawater, and oxidation of the original reducing fluids took place.     

四川黄龙沟天然水中的深源CO_2与大规模的钙华沉积

在有大规模钙华沉积的四川黄龙沟中,使用化学成分数据以及碳氧稳定同位素组成对其水文地球化学特征进行了分析研究。研究区钙华沉积的地表溪流水质基本上受到两种水混合的制约,即断层泉水和山区的融雪(冰)水。泉水中含有高浓度的经由断层提供的CO2,结果高浓度的溶解CO2使得其溶解的碳酸盐岩比普通的岩溶泉溶解的碳酸盐岩高得多,同时也导致硅酸盐岩的溶解。黄龙沟中上游的泉水相对于方解石接近于平衡。溶解无机碳(DIC)的浓度和它们的δ13C值是大约由c=0.02mol·L1δ13C=-3‰的CO2(aq)与含有δ13C=+3‰的碳酸盐岩在封闭系统条件下反应的结果。估计这些CO2中约有70%来自上地幔。所有泉水的水化学数据均落在高岭石稳定域内,但对Na长石和Ca长石具有侵蚀性。由于这些长石矿物的溶解速率太慢,所以水中的化学成分远离长石稳定域。地表溪流的DIC种类之间达到同位素平衡,在不同观测点发现的δ13CDIC变化主要是由于从水中释放出的CO2的程度不同引起的。水样的δ18O值与其采集点的海拔高度之间存在线性关系;研究区的地表溪流的氧同位素组成受到蒸发的制约。在流经钙华沉积物的地表溪流中白天和夜晚的水化学及pH的日变化表明生物作用促进了碳酸盐的沉积,尽管作用不显著。据估计研究区碳酸钙的日沉积速率是4778kg·km2,即约1mm·a1。     

萤石Sr、Nd同位素地球化学研究评述

本文通过大量实例综述了近年萤石Sr、Nd同位素在定年和示踪方面取得的进展 ,结果表明 :萤石Sm-Nd同位素可以用于测定成矿作用的时代 ,但由于萤石Nd同位素初始值存在不均一性和受次生干扰的影响 ,所获数据最好用其它测年方法获得的数据加以验证 ;萤石Sr、Nd同位素组成是示踪成矿流体来源的有效方法 ,利用Sr、Nd同位素组成还可定量估算出形成成矿流体不同端元所占的比例。     

泸沽湖沉积物α纤维素的提取及其稳定碳同位素研究初探

湖泊沉积是环境气候变化的敏感指示器 ,在沉积过程中有机大分子α纤维素不易发生降解 ,其碳链上的C、H、O原子也不会与外界发生交换 ,故沉积物α纤维素的碳同位素能真实地反映原始环境信息。湖泊沉积物中的α纤维素含量少 ,笔者经过反复条件试验 ,得出了从湖泊沉积物提取α纤维素的简便可行的方法。泸沽湖是云贵高原上一半封闭湖泊 ,湖区人为活动干扰较微弱 ,该湖对环境变化敏感。笔者提取了泸沽湖沉积物柱的α纤维素 ,并研究了其碳同位素 ,结果表明 ,α纤维素碳同位素灵敏、精确地反映了该湖一百年来的环境信息 :泸沽湖沉积物有机质以内生为主 ;气候变化趋势为冷—暖—冷—暖。     

贵州晚二叠世煤中硫同位素的组成特征

报道了贵州主要开采矿山晚二叠世煤中不同形态硫的同位素组成特征。形成于海水影响较小环境中的煤以低的硫含量 ,偏正的δ34S值为特点 ;形成于海相或受海水影响较大的环境中的煤 ,则具有高的硫含量和偏负的δ34S值 ;在高硫含量的煤中 ,有机硫和无机硫具有弱的相关性 ,可能它们具有一致的来源 ;煤中有机硫的同位素组成对成煤环境是灵敏的 ,可作为成煤环境划分指标 ,根据有机硫含量和同位素组成 ,可分出海水对煤层的影响程度。     

东天山康古尔金矿床的同位素地球化学特征及成因讨论

主要研究了康古尔金矿的流体包裹体的氢、氧同位素组成以及硫、铅和碳同位素组成，结果表明该金矿床主矿化阶段成矿流体以变质水为主，晚期以大气降水为主，总的表现为下部上升流体与残部大气降水混合成矿特征。该矿床的成矿物质具深源性，主要来自上地幔或下部地壳，是一种火山岩区剪切带蚀变岩型金矿床。     

Assessing microbial degradation of o-xylene at field-scale from the reduction in mass flow rate combined with compound-specific isotope analyses

In recent years, natural attenuation (NA) has evolved into a possible remediation alternative, especially in the case of BTEX spills. In order to be approved by the regulators, biodegradation needs to be demonstrated which requires efficient site investigation and monitoring tools. Three methods--the Integral Groundwater Investigation method, the compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and a newly developed combination of both--were used in this work to quantify at field scale the biodegradation of o-xylene at a former gasworks site which is heavily contaminated with BTEX and PAHs. First, the Integral Groundwater Investigation method [Schwarz, R., Ptak, T., Holder, T., Teutsch, G., 1998. Groundwater risk assessment at contaminated sites: a new investigation approach. In: Herbert, M. and Kovar, K. (Editors), GQ'98 Groundwater Quality: Remediation and Protection. IAHS Publication 250, pp. 68-71; COH 4 (2000) 170] was applied, which allows the determination of mass flow rates of o-xylene by integral pumping tests. Concentration time series obtained during pumping at two wells were used to calculate inversely contaminant mass flow rates at the two control planes that are defined by the diameter of the maximum isochrone. A reactive transport model was used within a Monte Carlo approach to identify biodegradation as the dominant process for reduction in the contaminant mass flow rate between the two consecutive control planes. Secondly, compound-specific carbon isotope analyses of o-xylene were performed on the basis of point-scale samples from the same two wells. The Rayleigh equation was used to quantify the degree of biodegradation that occurred between the wells. Thirdly, a combination of the Integral Groundwater Investigation method and the compound-specific isotope analysis was developed and applied. It comprises isotope measurements during the integral pumping tests and the evaluation of delta13C time series by an inversion algorithm to obtain spatially integrated mean isotope values at the control planes. It was shown that the Rayleigh equation is applicable to spatially integrated mean isotope values in order to obtain the mean biodegradation between the consecutive control planes. All three approaches yielded consistently a 98-99% degradation of o-xylene.     

Strontium isotope constraints on the seasonal variation of the provenance of base cations in rain water at Kawakami, Central Japan

The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in monthly precipitation in the forested basin at Kawakami, central Japan, varied seasonally from 0.709 to 0.711 in spring to as low as 0.7062 ± 0.0004 in autumn over nine years from 1987 to 1995. The seasonal variation can be explained in terms of the mixing of three sources of Sr: sea salt (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr 0.70917), soluble eolian minerals originating from deserts in continental Asia ( 0.711), and biogenic materials growing on soils derived from the volcanic rock substrates in the vicinity ( 0.706). It is estimated that the contribution of sea-salt Sr into the Kawakami rain Sr is relatively constant (10 ± 5%) and that more than half of the Sr is of biogenic origin throughout the year except during spring rains when 50% of the Sr is due to the dissolution of Ca-minerals from Asian dusts. The dominant contribution of eolian components to spring rains is consistent with the high concentration of ³H, which is typical of air masses from Asia.