基于同位素证据的夏季风水汽影响区域分界

以影响我国大陆干湿状况的孟加拉湾和南海两股水汽的疑似交界影响区域之一的云南省、广西壮族自治区为研究区,借助稳定性同位素质谱仪MAT253测定2014年16个点、239个有效样本的雨季大气降水的氢氧稳定同位素组成,完成了基于GIS平台的δD、δ18O空间格局分析,实现了中国夏季风西南水汽和东南水汽的交互区域界定。主要研究结果有三点:(1)2014年雨季及6月中下旬一次降水过程δD和δ18O空间变化格局基本一致,因为夏季风大气降水δD和δ18O均沿水汽输送路径不断衰减;(2)大气降水氢氧稳定同位素空间分布主要受降雨量效应和大陆效应的影响,哀牢山高大地形阻隔及云南高原正地形水汽截留作用可能是其数值发生突变的主要原因;(3)2014年夏季的西南水汽在越过哀牢山后与东南水汽在红河、个旧、蒙自附近交互影响使δD和δ18O发生显著变化,6月中下旬一次降水过程中的氢氧同位素数值在红河、个旧附近达到最低,两者互为验证红河、个旧应该是西南水汽和东南水汽影响区域分界。     

黄土高原坝系流域干湿季交替下氮输出特征及其源解析:以羊圈沟为例

本研究通过对干湿季氮湿沉降过程、降雨过程及基流过程进行动态监测,分析干湿季交替下降雨及基流过程的各形态氮浓度变化,探讨黄土高原坝系流域氮湿沉降对流域氮输出的影响并利用同位素方法解析氮输出来源.结果表明,2015年湿季(7、8月)共11场降雨,产生的氮湿沉降负荷约达814.18 kg,氮沉降通量约为4.26 kg·hm-2;干季(9月)共3场降雨,产生的湿沉降负荷约达155.58 kg,氮沉降通量为0.83 kg·hm-2,呈现出极大的季节变异性.通过对其中4场降雨过程进行动态分析发现,不同降雨强度对水体氮输出过程影响不同,4场降雨对流域水体的氮贡献量为16.94 kg.降雨径流氮输出负荷占流域水体氮输出负荷的比率为14.45%~64.84%,说明降雨对流域水体氮输出贡献很大.羊圈沟坝系流域δ15N变化范围较大,为-0.844‰~12.791‰,δ18O值在8.166‰~15.115‰范围内波动.     

Potential for natural and enhanced attenuation of sulphanilamide in a contaminated chalk aquifer

Understanding antibiotic biodegradation is important to the appreciation of their fate and removal from the environment. In this research an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry(IRMS)method was developed to evaluate the extent of biodegradation of the antibiotic,sulphanilamide, in contaminated groundwater. Results indicted an enrichment in δ~(13)C of8.44‰ from-26.56(at the contaminant source) to-18.12‰(300 m downfield of the source).These results confirm reductions in sulphanilamide concentrations(from 650 to 10 mg/L)across the contaminant plume to be attributable to biodegradation(56%) vs. other natural attenuation processes, such as dilution or dispersion(42%). To understand the controls on sulphanilamide degradation ex-situ microcosms assessed the influence of sulphanilamide concentration, redox conditions and an alternative carbon source. Results indicated, high levels of anaerobic capacity(~50% mineralisation) to degrade sulphanilamide under high(263 mg/L), moderate(10 mg/L) and low(0.02 mg/L) substrate concentrations. The addition of electron acceptors; nitrate and sulphate, did not significantly enhance the capacity of the groundwater to anaerobically biodegrade sulphanilamide. Interestingly, where alternative carbon sources were present, the addition of nitrate and sulphate inhibited sulphanilamide biodegradation. These results suggest, under in-situ conditions, when a preferential carbon source was available for biodegradation, sulphanilamide could be acting as a nitrogen and/or sulphur source. These findings are important as they highlight sulphanilamide being used as a carbon and a putative nitrogen and sulphur source, under prevailing iron reducing conditions.     

Effects of warming on leaf non-structural carbohydrates and carbon and nitrogen isotopes of Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings during different seasons北大核心CSCD

To reveal the response of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and carbon and nitrogen isotopes in plant leaves to global warming, we conducted soil warming experiments in the Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change National Observation and Research Station of China. We designed two treatments: control (CT) and warming (W; cable heating, +4 ℃). Heating cables were installed 20 cm from each other at a depth of 10 cm and were heated in March 2016. In this study, Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings were used to analyze seasonal changes in leaf non-structural carbohydrates, and carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The results showed that (1) warming significantly reduced the soluble sugar, starch, and NSC content of leaves in spring but without any significant difference during other seasons. (2) Leaf δ13C increased significantly in spring and winter after warming, whereas leaf δ15N did not change significantly. (3) No significant correlation was observed between leaf δ13C, δ15N, or NSC content during the warming treatment, but a negative correlation was observed between leaf δ15N, δ13C, and sugar to starch ratio. A positive correlation between leaf δ15N and starch content was identified. In summary, when temperature increases, plants adjust the NSC content during different seasons for osmotic regulation, change the characteristics of the nutrient cycle, and alter the plant water and nutrient use strategies to maintain plant growth. In the future, we should further study the seasonal variation characteristics of NSC content and isotopes and the relationship between NSC content and the carbon and nitrogen cycles in plants under the context of long-term warming. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

轻稳定同位素环境检测样品的采集和前处理方法

稳定同位素技术已被广泛应用于环境领域的鉴定、溯源、CN循环、反应机理等研究,检测样品的采集和前处理方法会直接影响研究结论。综述了目前在环境样品自然丰度的轻稳定同位素研究中,已被认可的样品采集和前处理方法的应用与进展,包括气体及其颗粒物样品、植物样品、沉积物样品、土壤样品、水样、生物样品和地质样品,为进一步提高数据的准确性、可靠性和多样性提供技术支持。     

北京市城市公园土壤铅累积特征、来源及健康风险

城市公园在城市发展中具有社会文化、经济和环境服务等多重功能,城市和经济的快速发展可能导致城市公园土壤重金属累积从而威胁人体健康.采集北京市32个典型公园140个土壤样品,利用单因子污染指数法和地累积指数法分析了公园土壤Pb的累积特征,通过稳定同位素定量解析了土壤Pb的潜在污染来源,并使用基于蒙特卡洛的概率风险评价方法评估其健康风险.结果表明,北京市城市公园土壤ω(Pb)几何均值为38.63 mg·kg^-1,是北京市土壤背景值的1.48倍,但尚未超过《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 36600-2018)规定的筛选值;城市公园土壤Pb累积随着公园距中心城区的距离和建园时间的增加而增加;2环内、 2～4环和4～6环公园土壤Pb单因子污染指数分别为0.16、 0.10和0.09,均未达到污染水平;地累积指数分别是0.80、 0.07和-0.31,除2环内和2～4环土壤Pb达到无-中度污染水平,4～6环土壤均未达到污染水平;同位素定量源解析表明公园土壤Pb污染主要来源于煤燃烧(45.4%)、道路灰尘(19.6%)和油漆(13.9%);公园土壤Pb...     

玉龙雪山PM2.5稳定碳同位素特征及来源分析

于2020年4~8月在青藏高原东南部玉龙雪山进行PM_2.5采样,共采集44个样本,测定其水溶性离子成分、水溶性有机碳(WSOC)浓度、总碳(TC)浓度及其稳定碳同位素组成(δ¹³C_TC).结果表明,玉龙雪山春夏季TC浓度分别为(7.1±3.8)μg/m³和(2.9±0.7)μg/m³,WSOC浓度分别为(3.3±2.1)μg/m³和(1.5±0.4)μg/m³,均呈现春高夏低的变化趋势.春夏季δ¹³C_TC值分别为(-24.7±1.0)‰和(-26.0±0.6)‰,春季较夏季偏正,表明可能受到不同来源影响.通过对非海盐钾离子(nss-K⁺)相关性、NASA火点图及后向轨迹分析可知,东南亚地区春季生物质燃烧可能是主导原因.利用贝叶斯模型计算玉龙雪山PM_2.5中TC来源贡献,结果表明春季主要来源于生物质燃烧和煤燃烧,贡献比分别为60.6%和23.5%;夏季主要来源于生物质燃烧、植物蒸发和机动车排放,同时二次有机气溶胶形成对TC的贡献也不可忽视.     

Mercury transformation processes in nature: Critical knowledge gaps and perspectives for moving forward

The transformation of mercury (Hg) in the environment plays a vital role in the cycling of Hg and its risk to the ecosystem and human health. Of particular importance are Hg oxidation/reduction and methylation/demethylation processes driven or mediated by the dynamics of light, microorganisms, and organic carbon, among others. Advances in understanding those Hg transformation processes determine our capacity of projecting and mitigating Hg risk. Here, we provide a critical analysis of major knowledge gaps in our understanding of Hg transformation in nature, with perspectives on approaches moving forward. Our analysis focuses on Hg transformation processes in the environment, as well as emerging methodology in exploring these processes. Future avenues for improving the understanding of Hg transformation processes to protect ecosystem and human health are also explored.     

降水产流同位素径流分割研究进展与展望

降水产流是陆地水循环中大气降水补给地表水的重要环节。氢氧稳定同位素的指纹效应能够有效示踪径流的补给来源、路径和地理区域。同位素径流分割模型已从二元分割逐渐发展到三元乃至多元分割模型,多学科交叉也逐渐丰富了径流分割研究的方法体系。本文对同位素径流分割在降水产流中的应用进展作了总结分析,介绍了环境同位素（²H和¹⁸O）在降水产流研究中的应用现状、存在的不确定性以及处理误差的方法和应用特点。最后对环境同位素在径流分割领域的应用前景进行了论述,提出环境同位素结合GIS、InSAR、ERT等地球物理方法,将进一步深化流域水文要素时空变化的研究。     

沅江入湖段河床沉积物重金属污染源的铅同位素示踪

利用多接收等离子质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）对沅江入湖段河床沉积物重金属含量与铅同位素进行分析,评价了重金属富集程度,并示踪分析重金属污染源.结果表明,上层（0～52 cm）沉积物明显富集Bi、Cd、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb等多种重金属,中层（52～172 cm）、下层（172～268 cm）沉积物中Mn、Cd富集明显.垂直方向上,重金属的富集具有自下而上富集程度明显增强、富集的元素种类明显增多的变化特征,暗示近年来人为活动增强引起沉积物污染程度增强.沉积物铅同位素比值变化范围大,其²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁷Pb比值变化范围依次为1.1310～1.2040、2.3321～2.4932,并以相对富放射成因的U铅和Th铅为特征.上层沉积物铅同位素比值变化大,且自下而上升高或降低的变化明显,沉积物铅含量高对应²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb比值低,铅含量低则对应²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb比值高;中层、下层沉...