Bacteriological quality assessment of drinking water available at the flood affected areas of Peshawar

Monsoon flooding occurred in the main areas of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Balochistan as well as parts of Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan and Azad Jammu Kashmir in July 2010. Water-borne diseases such as cholera, enteric fever, and dysentery were common among the inhabitants of flood-affected areas which were selected for sample collection. In the present study, 10 sites in District Peshawar were selected and drinking water samples collected. These samples were analyzed for the total plate count (TPC), total coliform bacteria (TCB), total fecal coliform bacteria (TFCB), Escherichia coli (EC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Vibrio cholerae (VB), Salmonella Shigella, and Staphylococcus aureus. The TPC ranged from 8 × 10¹ to 7 × 10⁴ CFU/ml. The TCB ranged from <1.1 to 280 MPN/100 ml. Twenty percent of the samples were contaminated with TFCB, EC, Salmonella, Shigella, and Staphylococcus aureus, while only one sample contaminated with PA. Forty percent of the samples were contaminated with VB. The surface and well water was greatly contaminated by flooding and major improvements on priority basis are essential.     

我国农村生活污水处理地方标准现状、问题及对策建议

农村生活污水处理设施水污染排放标准关系到农村生活污水治理技术的选取、建设投资及运行维护,科学合理地制定排放标准具有重要意义。对我国30个省（区、市）已发布的农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放地方标准的适用范围、分级分类情况、污染物控制指标选取及限值、监测采样方法等进行了对比分析,发现我国农村生活污水污染物排放地方标准存在适用范围及分级分类不科学、指标限值区域化不明显、监测及采样方法不明确等问题。针对上述问题提出根据功能分区及处理规模科学制定分级分类标准,因地制宜地选取污染物控制指标,指标限值应做到宽严相济,进一步明确监测频次及采样方法,强化标准的基准研究等相关建议,以期为完善农村生活污水处理标准体系提供指导与借鉴。     

中国生态环境质量优劣度评价

文章提出了生态环境质量评价的指标体系,给出了生态环境质量优劣度评价的分级标准和优劣度指数计算方法,并对全国及内蒙古自治区的生态环境质量进行了优劣度评价。     

材料以及产品的环境试验方法

本文主要分析了各环境因素及其引起的失效模式,介绍了环境试验方法以及环境试验设计过程中应当注意的问题等基础知识,还给出了一些常用的环境试验标准.     

Renewable energy from gasification of manure: an innovative technology in search of fertile policy

After describing an innovative technology, the close-coupled gasification and cyclonic combustor, this article explores the policy issues that inhibit a superior sustainable solution fromflourishing. Discussion of technology includes defining biomass,explaining what biomass to energy means, what the advantages of biomass to energy are, and why gasification is a superior biomassto energy technology. Specifically the environmental benefits ofalternatives to landspreading of traditional manure management arediscussed, as well as the advantages of gasification versus traditional combustion techniques for high nitrogen fuels. The policy environment is explored, particularly regarding sustainability, manure management, and renewable energy. Artificial, non-sustainable barriers to renewable energy, and the impact of wide jurisdictional variability are discussed. North Carolina is identified as a unique jurisdiction to monitor because of its high volume of livestock manure, and laggard position in renewable energy advocacy. The authors contend that these two positions are unsustainable, and that pressures can beexpected to force the state to modify its renewable energy policies or risk losing market share in livestock production tomore pro-sustainable policy oriented states.     

欧洲大气颗粒物标准及监测体系

以欧洲环境空气质量及清洁空气指令为基础,从标准限值、监测点位布设、监测方法等多个方面,对欧洲大气颗粒物标准及监测体系进行了综合阐述。由极限值、目标值、暴露浓度限值、评价上限和下限等构成的标准限值体系协同作用,将欧洲大气颗粒物浓度控制在一定范围内;大气颗粒物监测点位布设方法遵循基本布设原则和最少点位数及AEI计算要求的详细规定;在颗粒物监测方法上,参比方法和等效方法并存,近年多种方法的应用情况也有所变化。通过对欧洲大气颗粒物标准及监测体系的综述,以期为中国大气颗粒物监测管理提供先进思路和技术参考。     

地震应急救援标准体系及其关键标准研究

为明确中国地震应急救援标准体系发展的方向和重点,更好地指导地震应急救援的标准化工作。在充分调研国内应急救援标准体系相关研究的基础上,分别从地震应急救援准备、应急救援响应和应急救援恢复3个方面对中国和国际标准化组织、美国、英国、德国等标准研究机构及协会颁布的近200项突发事件应急救援标准进行归纳和研究。结合中国突发事件应急管理和地震灾害应急救援工作机制的特点,提出中国地震应急救援标准体系的构建原则、地震应急救援标准体系结构和急需编制的关键标准。     

加拿大污染场地土壤质量指导值对我国建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准制修订的启示

针对我国建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准存在的保护目标单一、毒理学基础数据库有待完善、缺少因地制宜的地方标准及统一的标准制定规程等问题,本文研究了加拿大联邦及其省级土壤质量指导值分级制定技术规程,梳理了加拿大污染场地修复目标值的确定方法。在此基础上,从保护人体健康与保护生态环境并重、提升建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准的基础研究水平、研究基于地方实际的建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准和出台统一的标准制定规程文件等四个方面提出对策建议,以期为我国建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准制修订提供参考。     

环境监测技术的现状及发展趋势

根据日本环境质量标准发展的需求,结合欧洲新近实施的相关环境标准,分析了环境监测技术需求和发展方向.     

区域贸易协定中的多边环境协议所涉问题浅析

区域贸易协定框架下的多边环境协议涉及的主要问题可以概括为RTAs的环境条款类型、制度基础与制度选择问题,RTAs环境影响评价问题,RTAs的环境合作问题,RTAs环境标准、环境法实施与争端解决机制问题以及RTAs的公众参与环境保护问题等。贸易与环境问题的结合一直具有争议性,区域贸易协定在文本上达成的环境标准与贸易的结合要得到真正的实施,后续的努力至关重要,这些努力包括环境对话与合作、环境保护资金来源、公众参与等。