单元模态应变能法在输电铁塔损伤识别中的应用

输电塔结构在灾害中发生倒塌的现象时有发生,故而对输电塔结构进行健康监测具有重要的实际意义。介绍了单元模态应变损伤指数(EMSDI)在结构损伤识别中的表达式,并将其应用于输电铁塔模型试验中。采用单元形函数代替原有模态曲率计算方法,可有效降低计算单元模态应变能的计算误差,从而增加了识别的准确性。在输电铁塔仿真模拟和试验中,对该识别方法的准确性和可靠性进行了验证。实例表明:单元模态应变损伤指数法能够准确地识别出结构的损伤位置,并可在某种程度上反映出损伤程度,可以应用到实际输电塔结构损伤识别中。     

一株产耐热纤维素酶菌株的筛选及酶学性质

采用纤维素刚果红平板法从大田蘑菇种植场建堆的稻草样中分离得到了1株能产具有较好温度耐受性和pH稳定性的纤维素酶的放线菌DY3.综合形态、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA序列分析,将其初步鉴定为嗜热裂孢菌(Thermobifida fusca).对该菌所产纤维素酶的性质研究表明:最适催化温度为65℃,在70℃保温60 min后仍有75%以上的活力;最适催化pH为7.5,在pH 5.5～10.0之间该酶的稳定性较好,pH 10.0的条件下仍有80%的活力;最适作用底物是羧甲基纤维素钠.研究可为木质纤维素的生物预处理提供一定参考价值.     

Mycelial culture of wild Inonotus hispidus parasitizing the jujube tree and the cultivation conditions of its fruit body on rice medium北大核心CSCD

Inonotus hispidus is a kind of rare medicinal fungus, and its natural resources are very scarce. Currently, the artificial cultivation technology of I. hispidus is not completely developed, and this reflects on its extremely low biological conversion rate and long cultivation period. In order to improve the bioconversion rate and shorten the production cycle of I. hispidus, we first analyzed the mycelia culture conditions of the collected I. hispidus, and then we further explore the method of domesticated cultivation of its fruiting body in rice medium. During the process of mycelial culture, the suitable temperature, pH, carbon source, and nitrogen source for mycelial growth were selected using the mycelial growth rate as index. During the domesticated cultivation of the fruiting body, the suitable culture medium for its growth was selected using the bioconversion rate as index. Screening results of mycelial culture conditions showed that the optimal culture conditions for the growth of mycelium of the wild I. hispidus were: temperature of 25 °C, initial pH of 6.0, glucose as the carbon source, and yeast extract powder as the source of nitrogen. The results of the domesticated cultivation showed that the biotransformation rate of I. hispidus was higher when using rice as the main medium substrate. The optimal cultivation conditions were: a 0.2% yeast extract content in the nutrient solution, a 1:1.6 ratio of rice to nutrient solution, and a 4 mL inoculum of the liquid strain. Under these conditions, it took about 4 days for the mycelium to grow over the cultivation medium. The time required for the differentiation of the primordium to form fruit bodies was about 20 days, and the bioconversion rate reached 28.70% ± 5.05%. The results of this study indicate the feasibility of using rice as the main substrate for the cultivation of I. hispidus, and it also provide new insights for the finding of new cultivation substrates for other rare medicinal fungi. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Effectiveness of a Light-Weight Ice-Vest for Body Cooling While Wearing Fire Fighter’s Protective Clothing in the Heat

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of wearing an ice-vest (ca 1 kg) on physiological and subjective responses in fire fighters. The experiments were carried out on a treadmill in a hot-dry environment. The physical cooling effect of the ice-vest was measured with a thermal manikin. The ice-vest effectively reduced skin temperatures under the vest. On average, heart rate was 10 beats/min lower, the amount of sweating was reduced by 13%, and subjective sensations of effort and warmth were lower during work with the ice-vest compared to work without it. Thermal manikin tests indicated that the useful energy available from the vest for body cooling was rather high (58%). In conclusion, the ice-vest reduces physiological and subjective strain responses during heavy work in the heat, and may promote efficient work time by 10%.     

大气环境下风电塔筒金属材料的应力腐蚀

塔筒金属材料在大气中的应力腐蚀会导致脆性断裂,从而对产生严重的后果。本文重点论述了应力腐蚀的几种腐蚀机理以及Cl-对应力腐蚀的影响,并介绍了应用较广的慢应力速率试验方法。     

吸能让位防冲支护结构与围岩协同作用体系研究*

为防治冲击地压危害,减小人员伤亡与经济损失,采用数值计算方法建立吸能让位防冲液压支架与围岩协同作用体系模型,计算支架和围岩组合体系在静载和冲击载荷作用下的受力状态。结果表明:静载条件下,受煤层影响巷道右侧拱肩位置应力值与塑性应变相对最大,此处最易发生破坏;吸能装置在静载条件下没有发生压缩变形,表明吸能装置不会影响支架正常工作;竖向冲击荷载条件下,受煤层结构影响巷道右侧拱肩处等效塑性应变值增大相对比较明显,吸能防冲支架中间液压柱与右侧液压柱水平位移变化相对最明显;冲击地压发生过程中,支架与围岩间相互作用力变化较大,总体可分为振动段、平稳段、上升段、波动段4个阶段。     

重金属抗性菌Bacillus cereus HQ-1对银离子的生物吸附-微沉淀成晶作用

发现1株对银离子有强吸附能力的蜡状芽孢杆菌HQ-1,研究了其对银离子的吸附特性及吸附机理.结果表明,菌体对银的吸附量可达91.75 mg/g,吸附过程符合Pseudo-second Order吸附动力学模型,相关系数高达0.999 9;吸附热力学很好地符合Freundlich吸附等温模型,相关系数为0.99;考察菌体浓度和温度对吸附的影响发现,菌体浓度增加有利于对银离子的吸附,温度对吸附影响较小;FTIR、SEM及EDAX实验结果表明吸附存在2种吸附机理,一为菌体表面一些含氮氧的基团对Ag⁺的络合作用,二为菌体分泌的胞外多糖等物质对Ag⁺的微沉淀成晶作用.     

莠去津降解菌HB-5的最佳产酶培养基及发酵条件

从农药厂废水中分离到一株降解莠去滓的节杆菌(Arthrobacter sp.)HB-5,以从该菌中提取到的降解酶对莠去津的降解率为指标,进行最佳产酶培养基及发酵条件的优化研究,对其产酶量进行了评价.通过正交试验和均匀试验,对细菌HB-5的发酵培养基进行了优化研究.运用SAS软件进行结果分析,所获优化培养基配方为:蔗糖3.0g·L-1,莠去津0.38g·L-1,K2HPO40.5g·L-1,KH2PO41.2 g·L-1,MgSO4·7H2O 1.2g·L-1,NaCl 0.1g·L-1,微量元素溶液3.8mL·L-1.得到菌株培养的最佳优化条件为:菌株发酵液培养时间为48h.接种量为2%,发酵液初始pH值为9,250mL三角瓶中装液量为80mL经优化后,降解酶对莠去津的降解率(91.64%)比原培养基(40.67%)提高了125%.     

Degradation and mineralization of 2-chloro-, 3-chloro- and 4-chlorobiphenyl by a newly characterized natural bacterial strain isolated from an electrical transformer fluid-contaminated soil

A bacterium classified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain IR08 by phenotypic typing coupled with 16S rRNA gene analysis was isolated from a soil contaminated with electrical transformer ?uid for over sixty years using Aroclor 1221 as an enrichment substrate. The substrate utilization profiles revealed that IR08 could grow on all three monochlorobiphenyls (CBs), 2,4'- and 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl as well as 2-chlorobenzoate (2-CBA), 3-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,3-dichlorobenzoate. Unusually, growth was poorly sustaine...     

产油脂微藻的分离鉴定及培养条件优化

为促进自养高产油微藻的工业化应用,从青海多种生境中分离到34株产油微藻,以筛选获得产油脂最高的青3-2-2株为出发株,18S rRNA分析表明其与栅列藻属(Scenedesmus sp.)同源性达到99%以上,确定该株属于栅列藻属.研究氮源、培养时间、培养温度、初始pH值等培养条件对微藻生物量及油脂含量的影响,优化培养条件为:硝酸钠为氮源,以10%(V/V)接种量接种于普通SE培养基,培养温度为25℃,初始pH 7.0,培养周期为20 d,可以获得较高的油脂产率,比优化前的产率增加了近70%.