深圳市大气能见度特征分析及其与主要污染物因子相关性分析

近些年,随着深圳市大气污染防治举措的加强,空气质量不断趋好。文章汇总了深圳市2006～2009年大气能见度特征数据,分析了深圳市能见度的年度、季度和月度变化,发现近些年深圳市大气能见度具有向好的发展趋势。探讨了大气能见度与空气主要污染物PM10、NO2、SO2的相关关系,计算了PEARSON相关系数和偏相关系数,发现PM10浓度与能见度具有显著相关性。在此基础上总结了各个主要污染物与能见度的回归曲线。利用多元线性回归法建立了大气能见度与空气主要污染物PM10、NO2、SO2之间的回归方程。     

工业废水BOD5与CODCr相关关系以及BOD5测定的简化法

通过研究BOD5与CODCr的相关性,用线性函数BOD5=a+bCODCr的形式进行一元回归,间接求出BOD5或指导BOD5的测定,验证BOD5结果的准确性以及通过对稀释法公式的推导得出简化法的公式,并与稀释法进行比较,结果表明,简化后的方法与稀释法无显著差异,精密度、准确度较好。     

Improvement in the prediction of gasoline pool fire behaviour: CFD modelling and validation

The development and implementation of mathematical models through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques has been acknowledged as a promising tool for the prediction of hydrocarbon pool fires behaviours. In this sense, different approaches, with different assumptions and simplifications, and accounting for different phenomena, have been developed in the literature. However, the deviations in the predictions of the experimentally determined parameters, such as temperatures profiles, flame heights and radiative heat flux, by the implemented models are still high. Therefore, the implementation of these models to predict combustion phenomena and flame behaviours for various scenarios is limited. In this work, the software C3D is used to model gasoline pool fires of different diameters, and under different wind conditions, in order to improve the quality of the predictions of the flame behaviour. The modelled cases correspond to the experimental studies reported in literature. The results from the implemented model show an improved predictive quality when compared with other modelling works reported on literature for the same experimental cases. The deviations in the time averaged temperature, flame height, surface emissive power and radiative heat flux, has been calculated to be 5.0%, 0.05%, 6.32% and 3.82%, respectively.     

浓密尾矿管道输送的研究现状及展望

为掌握浓密尾矿管道输送中的流动规律及阻力特性,对国内外现有研究成果进行了综述,以尾矿颗粒的粒径尺寸和分布特征为切入点,分析了颗粒-颗粒、颗粒-流体间的相互作用,提出将浓密尾矿管道输送划分为均质结构流和复合流动两种模式,分别对不同模式下浆体流变性质、颗粒运移行为、流动型态及阻力特性方面的研究成果和最新进展进行了评述。结果表明:均匀细颗粒(d dc)浓密尾矿可视为由细颗粒介质与离散粗颗粒组成的复合流体,粗颗粒具有"剪切沉降"效应,介质屈服应力较小(τy<5τyc)时,浆体在管道内分层流动,管流阻力可通过两层流模型进行分析。     

Experimental investigation of biodynamic human body models subjected to whole-body vibration during a vehicle ride

In this study, responses of biodynamic human body models to whole-body vibration during a vehicle ride were investigated. Accelerations were acquired from three different body parts, such as the head, upper torso and lower torso, of 10 seated passengers during a car ride while two different road conditions were considered. The same multipurpose vehicle was used during all experiments. Additionally, by two widely used biodynamic models in the literature, a set of simulations were run to obtain theoretical accelerations of the models and were compared with those obtained experimentally. To sustain a quantified comparison between experimental and theoretical approaches, the root mean square acceleration and acceleration spectral density were calculated. Time and frequency responses of the models demonstrated that neither of the models showed the best prediction performance of the human body behaviour in all cases, indicating that further models are required for better prediction of the human body responses.     

What is a static head measurement? Evaluating structural error and implications for regional groundwater modeling

Most groundwater modelers avoid using static heads measured from active production wells because they can introduce a bias into model calibration. However, in the deep confined Cambrian-Ordovician Sandstone Aquifer System in the Central Midcontinent of North America, dedicated observation wells are sparse and remote from areas of most concentrated pumping. As a result, in areas where drawdown is the greatest and modeling is most needed, only static heads from production wells are available for calibration. This paper evaluates two leading sources of discrepancies in using production well data, spatial and temporal structural error (S.E.). A simple Theis solution is used to evaluate the potential magnitude of spatial S.E. when calibrating a regional MODFLOW model with coarse cell resolution. Despite theoretical analyses indicating that spatial S.E. could be significant, statistical analysis of the model results suggests that temporal S.E. is dominant. Long (ranging over decades) or frequent (monthly) head datasets are key in understanding temporal S.E., to better capture water-level variability. In this study, the range in static head observations impacted estimates of the remaining time a well could extract water from the aquifer by 0.1 to 16.0 years. This uncertainty in future water supply is highly relevant to stakeholders and must be assessed in hydrographs depicting risk.     

Dynamic Performance of Horizontal Flexible Anchor Lines During Fall Arrest— A Numerical Method of Simulation

Designing fall arrest systems, which contain horizontal flexible anchor lines is an important technical problem related to the safety of people who work at a height and need horizontal freedom of movement. The article presents a numerical simulation of the dynamic performance of horizontal flexible anchor lines during fall arrest. The model of a 2-component system—a horizontal flexible anchor line and a falling rigid mass, described with a second order non-linear differential equation—is the main element of this method. This method of simulation is realised by a computer program, which allows obtaining the most important data characterising a fall arrest. The article shows laboratory tests used for the verification of this method, which turned out to be a valuable source of information and which can be used for designing fall arrest systems.     

海洋环境耐蚀结构钢研究进展

以海洋装备主体材料钢铁作为研究对象,概述了结构钢在海洋环境下的腐蚀与防护研究进展。叙述了结构钢在海洋环境不同区域的各种因素影响下的腐蚀行为和机理。阐述了耐蚀结构钢材料的研究现状和国内外海洋环境用典型耐蚀低合金钢,目前主要通过微合金化技术和组织调控技术提高合金钢材料的耐蚀性。对比国外相关研究,我国耐蚀结构钢开发相对滞后,除了利用微合金化技术、组织调控技术这2种方法提高结构钢材料的耐蚀性外,采用传统腐蚀研究方法结合基于机器学习技术的新型腐蚀研究方法,挖掘海洋环境因素、材料成分和组织结构因素对结构钢腐蚀速率的影响规律,对加强结构钢腐蚀机理研究、加快新型耐蚀结构钢的开发、延长海洋装备的服役寿命具有重要意义。     

定子叶片数对泵喷推进器空化性能的影响

目的 在改善泵喷推进器(泵喷)水动力性能的同时,兼顾其空化性能。方法 以某前置泵喷为原型,采用基于密度修正的RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型,结合Zwart空化方程,数值研究定子叶片数(Ns= 6~10)对空化性能的影响。结果 泵喷空化主要为叶梢涡空化和叶片表面的片状空化,而时–频空化曲线与叶片数目有关,其中单转子表面空化与定子数目相关,而总空化面积与转–定子影响有关。结论 增加定子叶片数虽然提高了泵喷推力和扭矩,但转子叶片及叶梢负荷增加,使空化范围大幅度增加。最终Ns从6增加到10时,总空化体积涨幅超过5倍。分析空化流动中的涡量输运方程发现,膨胀收缩项在空化演化占主导作用,并且随着定子叶数的增加而增大。