四川省制浆造纸行业可持续发展建议

造纸业是与民生关联度极高的行业.为改变国内造纸行业污染局面、整合企业规模、合理原料结构、提高技术装备、改革落后生产工艺,国家先后出台了多项政策规定.特别是2008年新的<制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准>(GB3544)颁布后,四川省制浆造纸行业面临巨大的整改压力.如何抓住产业调整机遇,加快产品结构调整和生产方式转变,努力...     

Safety leadership and safety performance in petrochemical industries: The mediating role of safety climate

This study examines the relationship among three latent variables: safety leadership, safety climate, and safety performance. Employees from 23 plants in seven departments of a petrochemical company in central Taiwan completed a questionnaire survey. From this, a sample of 521 responses was randomly selected. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis using the AMOS 5.0 was employed to test the hypothesized model relating the above-mentioned variables. The results indicate that the model was supported, and that safety climate mediated the relationship between safety leadership and performance. Practical implications of these results for process safety management in the petrochemical industries are discussed.     

钢筋混凝土在火灾中的破坏机制分析

钢筋混凝土楼板由于材料退化和热膨胀的作用,在火灾条中的破坏机制与常温下有很大的区别,体现在应力分布、变形程度、局部破坏、极限承载力等方面.从数值分析的角度分析了钢筋混凝土楼板在火灾中的破坏机制,对爆裂防护位置提出了建议,并指出了过火结构健康检测时应注意的问题.     

煤矿安全文化对员工行为安全影响作用的实证研究

通过将煤矿安全文化看作由安全目标、安全承诺、安全规程、安全激励、安全培训和安全沟通这6个要素构成,利用3个矿业集团289份矿工的问卷调查数据,运用结构方程模型(SEM)方法,实证研究了煤矿安全文化对员工行为安全的影响作用。研究表明:煤矿安全文化通过员工安全能力和安全动机对员工的安全服从行为和安全参与行为具有显著的影响作用,然而不同安全文化要素的影响途径和影响作用是不同的;员工安全能力和安全动机对员工的服从行为和参与行为都具有直接的正向影响作用;安全激励对员工安全服从行为、安全沟通对员工参与行为存在直接正向影响作用。     

资源枯竭城市产业结构转型升级水平测度及其影响因素——基于24座地级市的面板数据

产业结构转型升级是资源枯竭城市实现可持续发展的必由之路,产业结构转型升级水平测度及其影响因素研究,则是精准制定产业转型政策的重要依据。基于2008—2017年我国24座资源枯竭地级市的面板数据,从方向、速率及水平三方面测算其产业结构转型升级状况,并运用固定效应模型探究产业结构转型升级的影响因素,结果表明：（1）我国多数资源枯竭城市主要向第三产业转型,少数城市注重培育多产融合的转型模式;（2）我国资源枯竭城市2013—2017年产业结构转型升级速率整体较2008—2012年快,转型升级速率呈加快趋势,但各地区及城市之间存在一定差异性;（3）我国资源枯竭城市产业结构高级化指数总体呈上升态势,产业结构不断优化升级,但整体水平始终低于全国平均水平,并呈东部较高、中西部和东北部较低的空间分异特征;（4）就业总人数、财政支出占GDP比例、社会消费品零售总额、城镇人口比例对资源枯竭城市产业结构转型升级呈正向影响效应,固定资产投资总额呈负向影响效应。     

天然林土壤有机碳及矿化特征研究

通过野外调查和室内分析培养,研究了马尾松林、常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、红松林和油松林这6种天然林林下土壤有机碳含量及有机碳矿化特征.结果表明,林下土壤有机碳含量都表现出随土壤深度增加而逐渐降低的趋势;双指数方程可以很好拟合出天然林土壤有机碳的矿化过程,准确反映出各天然林土壤的矿化反应特征.天然林各层土壤矿化反应趋势相同,但强度各异.其中,红松林0~10 cm土壤反应强度最为强烈,其下各层土壤的矿化反应强度也显著高于其他天然林的同层土壤;对落叶阔叶林和针阔混交林土壤矿化特征比较发现,凋落物种类差异对土壤活性有机碳含量产生较强烈影响,因此呈现出不同的矿化反应特征.     

Dimpling process in cold roll metal forming by finite element modelling and experimental validation

The dimpling process is a novel cold-roll forming process that involves dimpling of a rolled flat strip prior to the roll forming operation. This is a process undertaken to enhance the material properties and subsequent products’ structural performance while maintaining a minimum strip thickness. In order to understand the complex and interrelated nonlinear changes in contact, geometry and material properties that occur in the process, it is necessary to accurately simulate the process and validate through physical tests. In this paper, 3D non-linear finite element analysis was employed to simulate the dimpling process and mechanical testing of the subsequent dimpled sheets, in which the dimple geometry and material properties data were directly transferred from the dimpling process. Physical measurements, tensile and bending tests on dimpled sheet steel were conducted to evaluate the simulation results. Simulation of the dimpling process identified the amount of non-uniform plastic strain introduced and the manner in which this was distributed through the sheet. The plastic strain resulted in strain hardening which could correlate to the increase in the strength of the dimpled steel when compared to plain steel originating from the same coil material. A parametric study revealed that the amount of plastic strain depends upon on the process parameters such as friction and overlapping gap between the two forming rolls. The results derived from simulations of the tensile and bending tests were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The validation indicates that the finite element analysis was able to successfully simulate the dimpling process and mechanical properties of the subsequent dimpled steel products.     

行为传播视角下群体压力对矿工不安全行为意向的影响*

为探究不安全行为在煤矿企业班组之间的传播机制,建立矿工的群体压力、道德推脱、道德氛围与矿工不安全行为意向之间的假设模型。以252名一线班组矿工为研究对象,基于结构方程模型分析道德推脱的中介效应和道德氛围的调节效应,对行为传播视角下的群体压力对矿工不安全行为意向的影响展开研究。研究结果表明:群体压力与矿工不安全行为意向正相关;群体压力与矿工道德推脱水平正相关;道德推脱在群体压力与不安全行为意向之间起中介作用;工具型道德氛围在群体压力与道德推脱之间起调节作用;规则型道德氛围在群体压力与矿工不安全行为意向之间起调节作用。研究结果可为煤矿企业降低矿工的不安全行为意向提供1种可借鉴的理论依据和管理方法。     

Anaerobic co-digestion of municipal biomass wastes and waste activated sludge：Dynamic model and material balances

The organic matter degradation process during anaerobic co-digestion of municipal biomass waste （MBW） and waste-activated sludge （WAS） under different organic loading rates （OLRs） was investigated in bench-scale and pilot-scale semi-continuous stirred tank reactors. To better understand the degradation process of MBW and WAS co-digestion and provide theoretical guidance for engineering application, anaerobic digestion model No. 1 was revised for the co-digestion of MBW and WAS. The results showed that the degradation of organic matter could be characterized into three different fractions, including readily hydrolyzable organics, easily degradable particulate organics, and recalcitrant particle organics. Hydrolysis was the rate-limiting step under lower OLRs, and methanogenesisis was the rate-limiting step for an OLR of 8.0 kg volatile solid （VS）/（m^3·day）. The hydrolytic parameters of carbohydrate, protein, and lipids were 0.104, 0.083, and 0.084 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（kg COD·hr）, respectively, and the reaction rate parameters of lipid fermentation were 1 and 1.25 kg COD/（kg COD.hr） for OLRs of 4.0 and 6.0 kg VS/（m^3·day）. A revised model was used to simulate methane yield, and the results fit well with the experimental data. Material balance data were acquired based on the revised model, which showed that 58.50% of total COD was converted to methane.     

二氧化钛紫外光催化降解有机废气研究进展

挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)是近年来逐渐被人们所重视的大气污染物之一,对这类大气污染物的控制尚缺少经济有效的技术手段。现在比较广泛采用的治理技术如吸收法、吸附法、冷凝法和燃烧法等都普遍存在投资运行费用高、容易引起二次污染等问题。而二氧化钛(TiO)2紫外光催化技术是近年来兴起的污染治理技术,具有费用低、净化效率高,无二次污染等特点。文章在综述TiO2催化原理、催化剂制备和结构表征等的基础上,重点介绍了这类催化剂在含氯、芳香烃类、醛酮类、含氮硫恶臭类等有机废气污染治理中的应用,并简要探讨了TiO2紫外光催化技术的发展前景。