The role of respondents’ comfort for variance in stated choice surveys: evidence from a SCUBA diving case

Preference elicitation among outdoor recreational users is subject to measurement errors that depend, in part, on survey planning. This study uses data from a choice experiment survey on recreational SCUBA diving to investigate whether self-reported information on respondents’ comfort when they complete surveys correlates with the error variance in stated choice models of their responses. Comfort-related variables are included in the scale functions of the scaled multinomial logit models. The hypothesis was that higher comfort reduces error variance in answers, as revealed by a higher scale parameter and vice versa. Information on, e.g., sleep and time since eating (higher comfort) correlated with scale heterogeneity, and produced lower error variance when controlled for in the model. That respondents’ comfort may influence choice behavior suggests that knowledge of the respondents’ activity patterns could be used to plan the timing of interviews to decrease error variance in choices and, hence, generate better information.     

Application of various methods to determine the lipophilicity parameters of the selected urea pesticides as predictors of their bioaccumulation

Different lipophilicity procedures including a newly developed (based on O?cik's equation) was applied in order to compare various urea pesticides with herbicidal and also insecticidal activity, such as monolinuron, chlorotoluron, diuron, isoproturon, linuron, dimefuron, diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron and lufenuron. Lipophilicity parameters (R_MWS and R_MW0) of nine examined pesticides were determined on the chromatographic plates RP-8F₂₅₄ with the use of methanol–water as a mobile phase_. Similarity analysis enabled to group all examined pesticides depending on their lipophilic character and allowed to perform a more objective comparison of different lipophilicity parameters obtained for investigated compounds by means of thin-layer chromatography and by the use of computational methods. It was stated that with the number of fluorine in examined pesticides, the lipophilic character of insecticides and also their tendency to bioaccumulation in the living systems increases noticeably. The results of this work confirmed that a new procedure for determining the lipophilicity parameter (R_MW0) by O?cik's equation could be a suitable tool in the prediction of pesticide bioaccumulation in living system and may be used as an indicator in design of new urea pesticides, which will be safe for humans and the environment.     

新型人工快速渗滤系统处理村镇污水工艺参数优化

在巢湖双桥河建立了中试规模的人工快速渗滤系统(CRI),系统经过一个月左右启动期后挂膜成功。通过考察不同湿干比条件下CODMn、TP、TN和NH3-N的去除效果,确定系统湿干比为1 d∶2 d,水力负荷周期为3 d。TP、TN和NH3-N在1.0 m/d的水力负荷条件下能够达到最佳的处理效果,特别是TN;而CODMn在1.3 m/d取得最佳的去除效果。综合考虑脱氮除磷和有机污染物的去除,选取水力负荷为1.0 m/d可得到最佳的出水水质。综合4种污染物的去除特点,特别考虑到对TN去除的需要,同时兼顾工程成本,填料厚度确定为1.2～1.5 m之间为最佳。选取生物陶粒、钢渣、活性炭和天然沸石为渗滤介质,研究结果表明,从去除有机污染物和TP角度考虑,选取活性炭和钢渣可达到较好的去除效果,其中钢渣对TP去除效果更佳;而活性炭具有其他4种填料不可替代的脱氮效果。以上工艺组合形式的确定将为巢湖流域CRI系统的推广提供科学依据和数据支持。     

长白山天池火山泥石流堆积物粒度分布及其结构维数

对堆积物的粒度进行分析,可以为研究火山泥石流的形成机制、数值模拟等提供参考数据。为了对长白山天池火山泥石流堆积物进行研究,在二道白河镇附近对长白山天池的古火山泥石流进行了勘察,取了2组共12个火山泥石流堆积物样品。对第1组进行了粒度参数法分析,得到了火山泥石流堆积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏度和峰度,认为长白山天池火山泥石流堆积物的分选较差,沉积以粗组分为主。基于从第2组6个样品的分析可以推断,长白山天池火山泥石流主要为稀性泥石流,泥石流堆积物粒度分布较不均匀,分选较差,粒度分布接近正态分布。研究表明,粒度参数分析和结构维数计算相结合可以很好地了解火山泥石流堆积物的分选性、粒度分布情况、泥石流的类型等。     

基于多群组结构方程模型的绿色价值结构研究

绿色价值结构是"人与自然和谐发展"这一价值理念影响下的消费者消费价值观的结构要素。首先回顾了绿色价值结构的相关文献,提出了绿色价值结构的假设模型,设计并开展了以绿色化妆品为主题的面向女性消费者的问卷调查;然后用SPSS13.0对581份有效问卷数据进行了信度和效度检验以及探索性因子分析,并用AMOS17.0对假设模型和调查数据进行了结构方程模型的拟合和检验;最后分析了不同群组消费者的结构方程模型拟合参数的特点。研究结果表明:当前消费者的绿色价值结构主要由消费者的安全价值、环境价值、审美价值和社交价值构成;在这些消费者价值中,年轻消费者群体和低收入消费者群体的安全价值受到绿色价值理念的影响比较突出,高收入水平、高受教育水平以及年龄比较大的消费群体的环境价值受到绿色价值理念的影响比较明显,低学历消费者群体和年轻消费者群体的社交价值则比较容易受到绿色价值理念的影响。     

技术进步、结构调整与中国工业减排——基于环境效应分解模型的分析

20世纪90年代以来,中国工业污染排放量仍在持续增加,环境质量并没有得到显著的改善,但由于环境技术进步和产业结构调整的贡献,污染排放的增长幅度已出现明显减缓的势头.为了定量评价这两种作用的影响,本文引入环境效应分解模型,对1998-2008年中国工业S02减排的动态效应进行了实证研究.结果表明,1998-2008年中国工业减排的环境净效应中,环境技术效应贡献了环境净效应的-97.76%,而结构调整效应对环境的改善并不大,仅为-6.33%.从各年度环境净效应的分解结果看,环境技术进步效应在各年度仍发挥了主要的作用,年均占到-90.03%.但值得肯定的是,从2005年开始的"十一五"时期,结构效应起到了一定的效果,尤其是2008年,结构效应更是贡献了-15.98个百分点.本文认为,由于企业边际排污成本可能在增加,技术效应总是有限的,尽管产业结构调整的步伐相对比较缓慢,但在当前两型社会建设的进程中,必须在科学发展观的指导下,更加注重结构效应的改善.     

湿法烟气脱硫液气比的影响因素及参数确定

分析了湿法烟气脱硫系统中液气比的影响因素及参数确定,在脱硫系统设计阶段,确定合理的液气比可以提高脱硫效率,降低系统电耗。     

基于GT-Power柴油机颗粒捕集器捕集性能的仿真研究

利用GT-Power软件建立了柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)仿真模型,进行了仿真计算。研究了颗粒捕集器本身结构参数对其捕集效率与压降的影响。结果表明,影响颗粒捕集器捕集效率的主要参数有通道密度(CPSI)、过滤体孔隙率、过滤体微孔直径以及过滤壁厚度;影响颗粒物压降的主要参数有通道密度、过滤体渗透率、过滤体孔隙率以及过滤壁厚度。     

生产实践中厌氧颗粒污泥品质评价参数的研究及其实际应用

通过对多组源自实验室和工业反应器厌氧颗粒污泥样品主要特征参数的实验室研究和全面的理论分析,对于众多反映颗粒污泥性质的主要参数进行了筛选,在此基础上建立了一组与工业反应器运行状况关系密切且测定方法简便易行、适宜在生产实践中应用的颗粒污泥品质评价参数。所建参数体系能够较好地反映生产操作条件下厌氧反应器的运行状况,并能为高效厌氧反应器的运行控制提供理论依据。     

Soil column experiments used as a means to assess transport,sorption, and biodegradation of pesticides in groundwater

Soil column experiments are used to investigate the fate of three pesticides of high, intermediate, and low solubility in groundwater: N- phosphonomethyl glycine (glyphosate); O,O-diethyl-S-[(ethylthio)methyl]phosphorodithioate (phorate); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D). Feed solutions are prepared by adding each pesticide (100 mg/L glyphosate, 50 μ g/L phorate, 50 mg/L 2,4-D) along with conservative tracer, KBr, in synthetic groundwater. The concentration of the pesticides in effluents is detected by ion chromatography (glyphosate, 2,4-D) and GC-FID (phorate). The Br^? breakthrough curves are employed to estimate the dispersion coefficient and mean pore velocity in each column. Solute transport and reactive models accounting for equilibrium/non-equilibrium sorption and biodegradation are coupled with inverse modeling numerical codes to estimate the kinetic parameters for all pesticides.